公民视域中的责任教育

发布时间：2018-04-24 12:30

本文选题：公民 + 公民责任　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民责任教育是基于对当代公民身份和社会危机的思考而提出的教育理念。继共和主义公民身份之后,以自由主义为思想基础的权利公民身份在西方近现代政治生活中占主导地位。自由主义公民身份以个体性和权利为核心,强调个体权利至高无上,视责任为保护个人权利的工具,将公民责任缩小到义务的范畴。权利导向的公民观念引起了现代社会个体身份认同困难、道德失范和政治工具化等危机,晚近兴起的社群主义对此进行了批判。社群主义认为个人生活在共同体中并为共同体负责,强调个体对共同体的归属感和对公共生活的参与,再次建立了以责任为向度的公民身份。责任公民身份是社会现实的诉求,个人的关系性存在和对他者性交往的追求是责任公民的理论基础。责任公民的培养离不开对其本质的理解,公民责任作为责任公民的本质规定,与责任公民形成密切的耦合关系。一方面,公民权利和公民美德构成了责任公民的内在张力,它是公民责任得以确立的基础;另一方面,公民责任的内在特性对责任公民作出引导和规定,使责任公民成为主动积极的公民。公民责任不仅包含社会规范等一般责任,也包括以善与美德等为核心的公共责任。责任公民的培养主要在于公民责任教育,公民责任教育的目标是促使公民形成对共同体的认同和归属,增强公民参与意识并提高公民的参与能力。公民责任教育具体内容包括公民对他人的责任、对社会的责任、对国家的责任和对全球的责任。公民参与是培养责任公民的实践方式,个体在学校共同体和社会共同体中参与公共生活,塑造责任人格。构建中国公民教育体系,应当在借鉴西方公民理论和教育经验的基础上立足本土并关注时代发展。中国传统教化以义务为本孕育臣民意识,近代以来受到西方权利意识的冲击,形成了权利偏向的消极公民意识。从当代社会发展来看,中国社会市场经济发展、公民社会兴起和主流价值观引导等都为公民意识发育提供了良好的社会支持和基础。基于中国历史发展和社会转型的现实情况,当代中国公民教育要引导个体实现从臣民到公民、从消极公民到责任公民的转变。
[Abstract]:Civic responsibility education is based on the thinking of contemporary citizenship and social crisis. After the Republican citizenship, the right citizenship based on liberalism occupies the leading position in the western modern political life. The liberal citizenship takes individuality and rights as the core, emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights, regards responsibility as a tool to protect individual rights, and narrows civil responsibility to the category of obligation. The right-oriented concept of citizenship has caused many crises such as the difficulty of individual identity moral anomie and political instrumentalization in modern society which has been criticized by communitarianism rising recently. Communitarianism believes that the individual lives in the community and is responsible for the community, emphasizes the individual's sense of belonging to the community and participation in public life, and sets up the responsible citizenship again. Responsible citizenship is the demand of social reality, and the relationship existence of individual and the pursuit of other's sexual intercourse are the theoretical basis of responsible citizen. The cultivation of responsible citizens can not be separated from the understanding of its essence. As the essential regulation of responsible citizens, civic responsibility forms a close coupling relationship with responsible citizens. On the one hand, civil rights and civic virtues constitute the internal tension of responsible citizens, which is the basis for the establishment of civic responsibility; on the other hand, the intrinsic characteristics of civic responsibility guide and regulate responsible citizens. Make responsible citizens active citizens. Civic responsibility includes not only general responsibilities such as social norms, but also public responsibilities with good and virtue as the core. The training of responsible citizens mainly lies in the education of civic responsibility. The goal of civic responsibility education is to promote the citizens to form the identity and ownership of the community, to enhance the awareness of citizen participation and to improve the ability of citizens to participate. The specific content of civic responsibility education includes citizens' responsibility to others, to society, to the country and to the whole world. Citizen participation is a practical way to cultivate responsible citizens. Individuals participate in public life in school community and social community and mold responsible personality. In order to construct the Chinese civic education system, we should base ourselves on our country and pay attention to the development of the times on the basis of drawing lessons from western citizenship theory and educational experience. Chinese traditional education nurtured the consciousness of subjects based on obligation. Since modern times, it has been impacted by western consciousness of right and formed negative civic consciousness of right bias. From the perspective of contemporary social development, the development of Chinese social market economy, the rise of civil society and the guidance of mainstream values all provide good social support and foundation for the development of civic consciousness. Based on the realistic situation of Chinese historical development and social transformation, contemporary Chinese civic education should guide individuals to realize the transition from subjects to citizens, from passive citizens to responsible citizens.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G416

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