明“道”修“业”:从传统教育到现代教育的哲学思考

发布时间：2018-06-19 12:49

本文选题：现代教育 + 当前教育　；参考：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2015年05期

【摘要】：教育的根本目的在于帮助个体从"自然人"成长为"社会人",具体而言就是帮助受教育者"理解并遵从社会文化伦理规范",并且"掌握一定的社会生产生活技能",简言之即"明道"与"修业"。在教育方法上,中国传统教育注重灌输既定的"质料"即儒家文化伦理规范,表现为老师对学生单向度的"传道"与"授业";而现代教育则注重"形式"即注重培养学生对现代文化伦理规范的独立思辨能力与创新能力,表现为老师与学生双向度的"明道"与"修业"。当前教育沿用的是传统的"灌输"方式,没有重视对学生独立思辨能力与创新能力的培养。传统儒家教育的主要目的是培养社会的管理者,因此,特别重视"道"的教育,形成了"重道轻器"的不良传统;当前的教育矫枉过正,走到了"轻道重器"的另一个极端,在很大程度上促成了当前社会伦理道德风气的腐化堕落。现代教育应该追求"明道"与"修业"的并重,即注重"公民教育"与"职业教育"的平衡发展。当前教育承袭了传统"精英教育"与"权威教育"的基本模式,有很多方面不符合现代教育理念,需要进行系统性的改革,例如在教育策略上必须充分尊重现代教育的独立性特征;在教学内容上必须做到两手都要硬,既要注意"明道",又要注意"修业",从当前的情况来看,尤其要注意"明道";在教学方法上,应该更多地培养学生的"思辨"能力;在教育评价上应该摒弃单一的书面知识"考试"模式,而以教育目的为依归,针对学生的不同阶段、不同方面合情合理地设计评价方案。
[Abstract]:The fundamental purpose of education is to help individuals grow from "natural person" to "social person", specifically to help the educated "understand and comply with social and cultural ethical norms" and "master certain social production and life skills". In short, the word "clear way" and "study". In terms of educational methods, Chinese traditional education pays attention to inculcating established "material", that is, Confucian cultural ethical norms. It is shown by teachers'"preaching" and "teaching" to students in one direction, while modern education pays attention to "form", that is, to cultivate students' independent speculative ability and innovative ability to modern cultural ethical norms. Teachers and students for the performance of the two-way degree of the "Ming Dao" and "study." At present, education adopts the traditional "indoctrination" mode, and does not pay attention to the cultivation of students' independent speculative ability and innovation ability. The main purpose of the traditional Confucian education is to train the managers of the society. Therefore, special attention has been paid to the education of "Tao", which has formed a bad tradition of "attaching importance to the Tao and light the instrument." the current education overcorrected and went to the other extreme of the "light way and heavy device". To a great extent, it contributed to the corruption and depravity of the current social ethics. Modern education should pay equal attention to "Ming Tao" and "study", that is, pay attention to the balanced development of "civic education" and "vocational education". The current education inherits the basic mode of traditional "elite education" and "authoritative education". There are many aspects that are not in line with the modern educational concept, so it is necessary to carry out systematic reform. For example, we must fully respect the independent characteristics of modern education in terms of educational strategies; we must be hard at both ends in the content of teaching. We must pay attention to both the "clear path" and the "study of the profession". Judging from the current situation, In particular, we should pay attention to the "clear path"; in terms of teaching methods, we should develop more students'"speculative" ability; in the evaluation of education, we should abandon the single "examination" model of written knowledge, and aim at the different stages of the students' education. Design evaluation scheme in different aspects reasonably.
【作者单位】：广州大学外国语学院;
【基金】：广州市教育科学“十二五”规划(第二批)重点课题“文化视野中的伦理批评”(12A006)
【分类号】：G40-02

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