新课改下对初中生运算能力的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 01:29

本文关键词：新课改下对初中生运算能力的影响因素研究　出处：《新疆师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：运算能力的培养是数学学习的基础,在学生的数学素质培养中有着不可忽视的作用,运算能力培养方案是否符合学生心理和数学学习基础,将直接影响数学学习的整体效果,可以说,运算能力是连接数学教师教和学生学的重要枢纽。从已有的数学运算能力研究看,多数理论者都强调运算能力的重要性,但基本在限制于教师层面讨论,和具体的学生在学习中面对数学题型具体的运算能力的体现尚有一定距离。正因为看见数学运算能力在具体使用中面对学生的不完全适应,一些优秀的研究者在运算能力的内容上作出了尝试,产生了较好的效果。但是,这些内容和方式是不是符合学生数学能力培养的需要,在多大程度上能较好的达到数学学习效果,这是我们必须面对的问题。本研究以新疆阿勒泰地区的初中生运算能力状况为调查对象,旨在具体分析初中运算能力现状以及产生此现状的原因。通过调查发现,初中生运算水平现状主要表现在以下四个方面:1.运算的准确率不高;2.对运算的概念模糊不清,公式与法则不会选择和运用;3.找不到简洁合理的运算方法;4.对其他学科的学习有障碍。面对现状分析,我们整体得到这样的结论:初中生运算能力普遍偏低的现象亟需引起教师们的关注并切实改善。通过现象分析我们总结出产生这些现象的原因:从客观因素上分析,新课程标准的实施对运算要求的降低;从主观因素上分析,首先在教师教学中:1.新课程教材与教学安排的影响;2.教师的知识结构、教学观念与能力对初中生运算能力的影响;其次从学生自身上:1.认知结构发展不完善对运算能力的影响;2.初中生对运算的理解程度;3.初中生对运算的行为态度;4.缺乏优良数学思维品质;5.缺乏对运算过程经验的积累的意识。鉴于此,我们借鉴名师和对一线教师的访谈,提出了一些改进建议:1.加强基础知识与技能的教学;2.加强学生的思维训练;3.重视学生非智力因素的培养。
[Abstract]:The training of operation ability is the basis of mathematics learning, and it plays an important role in the cultivation of students' mathematical quality. Whether the training scheme of operation ability accords with the psychological and mathematical learning foundation of students. It will directly affect the overall effect of mathematics learning, it can be said that the operation ability is an important link between mathematics teachers teaching and students learning. Most theorists emphasize the importance of computational power, but it is basically limited to the discussion at the teacher level. There is still a certain distance from the specific students in learning to face the specific mathematical problem type of the embodiment of the ability of operation, it is precisely because of seeing the mathematical operation ability in the specific use of the students face the incomplete adaptation. Some excellent researchers have made a try on the content of computing ability, which has a good effect. However, these contents and methods are not in line with the needs of the cultivation of students' mathematical ability. To what extent can we achieve better results in mathematics learning, this is the problem we must face. This study takes the operational ability of junior high school students in Altay area of Xinjiang as the object of investigation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present situation of operational ability in junior high school and the reasons for the present situation. Through the investigation, it is found that the present situation of operation level of junior high school students is mainly manifested in the following four aspects: 1. The accuracy of operation is not high; 2.The concept of operation is not clear, formulas and rules can not be selected and applied; 3. The simple and reasonable operation method can not be found; 4. There are obstacles to the study of other subjects. We have come to this conclusion as a whole: the phenomenon that junior high school students' computing ability is generally on the low side needs to be paid attention to and improved by teachers. Through the analysis of phenomena, we summarize the causes of these phenomena:. Analysis from objective factors. The implementation of the new curriculum standards to reduce the operational requirements; From the subjective factor analysis, first in the teacher teaching: 1. The influence of the new curriculum teaching material and teaching arrangement; 2. The influence of teachers' knowledge structure, teaching concept and ability on the operational ability of junior high school students; Secondly, from the students themselves: 1. The influence of imperfect cognitive structure on the operation ability; 2. Junior high school students' understanding of operation; 3.The behavior attitude of junior high school students to operation; 4. Lack of good mathematical thinking quality; 5. Lack of consciousness of accumulating experience in operation process. In view of this, we draw lessons from famous teachers and interviews with first-line teachers, and put forward some suggestions for improvement: 1.Strengthening the teaching of basic knowledge and skills; 2.Strengthening the training of students' thinking; 3. Pay attention to the cultivation of students' non-intelligence factors.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6

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