分析高考物理试题以提高学生物理建模能力的教学实践

发布时间：2018-01-12 01:08

本文关键词：分析高考物理试题以提高学生物理建模能力的教学实践　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高中物理新课程标准(简称新课标)已经实施很多年,在新课标背景下的物理高考也已经进行了很多次,但是对高考试题的分析与学生建模能力的提高有机结合的研究还较少。通过分析高考试题发现,新课标背景下物理高考的一个重要转变就是问题的呈现方式与以往有所不同,很多考题都是以社会生产生活中的所见所感或时事科技前沿内容为背景,需要学生根据实际情况,具体问题具体分析,抽象出正确的物理模型,之后才是怎么运用概念和规律解决实际问题的过程。在平时的教学中,如果忽略了培养物理建模能力这个环节的训练,学生往往无法提取有用的物理信息、有效的物理条件,不能建立正确的物理模型,就无法正确地解决物理问题。所以,具有指导性的高考要求学生提高物理建模能力,反过来建模能力的强弱也会影响高考成绩的高低。本课题主要有三个方面的内容:首先,本文通过文献调研及教学实践,从知识体系、思维方式、解题步骤、数学处理方法等多角度对高中物理模型进行了分类,使我们对物理模型认识更清晰、更深入。并按照构建物理模型的思维方式,结合实例举例给出了构建物理模型的一般方法和流程图。其次,使用全国新课标Ⅱ卷的地区较多,所以本课题从主题、知识块、考点、掌握要求、物理模型、物理方法等方面对2010—2014共5年的全国新课标Ⅱ卷进行了多维统计分析。再次本文以高考试题为例结合教学实践,给出了建构物理概念模型和物理规律模型的一般方法和流程图,对高考物理信息给予题、原始问题如何建模进行了讨论,根据数学和物理联系与区别,给出了利用极值、三角函数、微元、割补等数学方法建立物理模型的方法和实践。最后给出了建立图象模型的一般方法和实践。
[Abstract]:The new curriculum standard of high school physics (New Curriculum) has been implemented for many years, the college entrance examination of Physics under the new curriculum has also been carried out for many times, but the research on improving the organic combination of analysis of the college entrance examination and students' modeling ability is limited. Through the analysis of the college entrance examination found that physical college entrance examination under the new curriculum under the background of a an important change is the way different from the past, a lot of questions are based on the social production and living in the perception or current frontier science and technology content as the background and needs of students according to the actual situation, analysis of specific issues, abstracted the correct physical model, then the process of how to use the concepts and rules to solve practical the problem in the usual teaching, if you ignore this link to develop the physical modeling ability training, students are often unable to extract the physical information useful and effective physical A, can not establish the correct physical model, will not be able to correctly solve physical problems. Therefore, with the guidance of the college entrance examination requirements to improve students' ability of physical modeling, modeling ability in turn will also affect the college entrance examination scores. This topic mainly has three aspects: first, through literature research and teaching practice. From the knowledge system, the way of thinking, problem-solving steps, mathematical processing method of multi angle classification of physics model, physical model allows us to more clearly, more deeply. And according to building a physical model of the way of thinking, combined with the example gives the building a physical model of the general method and flow chart. Secondly, use the the new curriculum Volume II in more, so this topic from the theme, knowledge block, test center, master requirements, physical model, physical methods such as the national new curriculum for 2010 - 2014 a total of 5 years Volume II conducted multi-dimensional statistical analysis. Thirdly based on the college entrance examination as an example combined with the teaching practice, the construction model of physical concepts and laws of physics model of the general method and flow chart are given, questions on the physical information of college entrance examination, the original problem of modeling are discussed, according to the mathematical and physical links and differences, is given by using the extremum. Trigonometric function, differential, method and practice of patching and other mathematical methods to establish the physical model. Finally, the method to build the image model and practice are given.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

【参考文献】