基于学科核心能力培养的高中地理教学

发布时间：2018-01-17 12:45

本文关键词：基于学科核心能力培养的高中地理教学　出处：《四川师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新课改以来,能力的培养成为专家学者们关注、探讨的热点,但能力的培养绝非空口号,它应与各门学科教学相结合,落实到各门学科的教学中。本文通过文献法研究前人关于学科能力和地理学科能力的研究,渗入自己的思考,界定和构建了地理学科能力与地理学科核心能力。通过行为观察法得出传统向教学的特点和传统向教学能否培养学科核心能力的结论。最后提出培养学科核心能力的教学原则、教学设计方法、各地理学科核心能力培养的措施。本文主要可分为五部分:第一部分:通过文献法分析研究前人关于学科能力和地理学科能力的成果,认为地理学科能力的建构目前存在较多分歧,但一些地理学科核心能力被频繁提出并得到广泛认可,所以地理学科能力的培养重点应放在学科核心能力上。第二部分:认为地理学科能力包括地理学习能力和解决地理问题的能力,而文章的学科能力是指解决地理情境问题的能力,将地理学科能力定义为:以地理思想观点为指导,综合运用地理知识技能、地理思想方法、地理思维解决各类地理情境问题的稳定心理条件。第三部分:初步建构了地理学科能力,地理学科能力包括:提出地理问题的能力、地理信息加工能力、地图能力、地理思维能力、地理实践能力、地理表达与交流能力,其中核心能力包括:地图能力、地理调查能力、地理思维能力。第四部分:通过深入课堂观察得出传统向教学的特点:教学方法单一,学生主体地位不够突出;注重对知识的理解;通过习题提高学生能力;对待教材态度消极。传统向教学对地图能力在一定程度上进行了培养,主要集中于从地图中获取信息的方面,地图能力的培养还有很大的空间,对地理思维能力的培养欠缺,几乎没有进行地理调查能力的培养。第五部分:提出基于学科核心能力培养的高中地理教学的原则:把过程还给学生、以理解为基础、地理教学体现地理性、分层教学,并提出了基于学科核心能力培养的高中地理教学设计的方法三次加工法。提出在学科核心能力培养的教学原则下的各核心能力培养的具体措施,其中地图能力的培养措施有:深化、加强地图在地理教与学中的作用;加强地图基本知识教学;着实培养绘图能力。地理思维能力的培养措施有采取先地后理再地的教学顺序,使学生成为逻辑思维的主体,地理空间思维能力的培养要以地图能力为基础,注重其他地理模型教具的演示。地理调查能力培养的措施有:学校教师应转变观念;地理调查活动要依据教学内容开展;紧密结合乡土地理资源;必须制定完整详细的调查方案。
[Abstract]:Since the new curriculum reform, the cultivation of ability has become the focus of attention of experts and scholars, but the cultivation of ability is not empty slogan, it should be combined with the teaching of various subjects. This paper studies the former research on the subject ability and geography ability through the literature method, and infiltrates into their own thinking. This paper defines and constructs the ability of geography and the core competence of geography. The characteristics of traditional teaching and the conclusion of whether traditional teaching can cultivate the core competence of subject are obtained by behavioral observation. Finally, it is put forward to cultivate the core ability of subject. The teaching principle of force. This paper can be divided into five parts: the first part: through the literature analysis of the results of previous research on the subject competence and geography ability. It is believed that there are many differences in the construction of geographical competence, but some of the core competencies of geography are frequently put forward and widely recognized. The second part: the author thinks that the ability of geography subject includes the ability of geography study and the ability of solving geography problems. The subject ability of the article refers to the ability to solve the problem of geographical situation. It defines the ability of geography discipline as follows: guided by geographical thought point of view, comprehensive use of geographical knowledge and skills, geographical thinking method. The third part: the preliminary construction of geographical subject ability, including: the ability to propose geographical problems, geographical information processing ability. Map ability, geographical thinking ability, geographical practice ability, geographical expression and communication ability, including: map ability, geographical survey ability. Geography thinking ability. Part 4th: through in-depth classroom observation, the characteristics of traditional teaching are as follows: the teaching method is single, the students' main position is not prominent enough; Pay attention to the understanding of knowledge; Improve students' ability through exercises; To a certain extent, traditional teaching has cultivated the ability of map, which mainly focuses on the aspects of obtaining information from the map, and there is still a lot of room for the cultivation of the ability of map. For the lack of geographical thinking ability, there is almost no training of geographical survey ability. Part 5th: put forward the principle of high school geography teaching based on the cultivation of the core competence of the subject: give the process back to the students. Based on understanding, geography teaching embodies rational and stratified teaching. At the same time, the author puts forward the three processing method of geography teaching design based on the subject core competence cultivation, and puts forward the concrete measures of each core competence training under the teaching principle of subject core competence cultivation. Among them, the cultivation measures of map ability include: deepening and strengthening the function of map in geography teaching and learning; Strengthening the teaching of map basic knowledge; Practical cultivation of drawing ability. The training measures of geographical thinking ability are to adopt the teaching order of the first place and then the second, so that the students become the main body of logical thinking, and the cultivation of geographical spatial thinking ability should be based on the map ability. Pay attention to the demonstration of teaching aids of other geographical models. The measures to cultivate the ability of geographical survey are as follows: school teachers should change their ideas; The activities of geographical survey should be carried out according to the content of teaching; Close combination of local geographical resources; A complete and detailed investigation plan must be drawn up.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.55

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