高中化学人教版课本中的几个实验改进

发布时间：2018-03-11 11:33

本文选题：高中化学　切入点：人教版课本　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：化学是一门以实验为基础的学科,化学所获得的一切成果,是与化学实验的教育教学分不开的。化学实验是化学教学的基础部分,化学实验教学的理论,在培养学生的实验技能素养,全面提高化学教学质量,具有重要的理论和实践意义。在新课程实施以来,高中的化学实验教学存在了一些问题,化学实验教学的内容也存在很多不足,以至于学生在学习化学实验过程中遭遇到了不同程度的困难。本文采用了问卷调查法,调查了锡林浩特地区三所学校高二年级学生的化学实验情况及教师在实验改进方面的情况。针对现行人教版高中化学课本中的“浓度对化学平衡的影响”、“铜锌稀硫酸原电池”和“浓度对草酸溶液与酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色反应速率的影响”三个教学实验存在反应时间长、反应现象不明显等问题,对这三个实验进行了改进研究。研究发现,对于“浓度对化学平衡的影响”实验,将原课本中反应物NaOH浓度从0.01 mol/L增加到0.5 mol/L或1.0 mol/L后,红褐色Fe(OH)3沉淀迅速出现,现象明显。对“铜锌稀硫酸原电池”实验增大硫酸浓度、减少电流计电阻和选用两根比较粗的铜丝和铁丝,且拧成麻花状,铜丝、铁丝的一头连好电流计,另一头放入盛有2 mol/L的稀硫酸的烧杯里,发现电流计的指针即可发生偏转,铜丝的表面有大量的气泡生成。对“浓度对草酸溶液与酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色反应速率的影响”实验,将草酸溶液的浓度从原实验的0.1mol/L和0.2mol/L对应增加到0.5 mol/L和1.0 mol/L后,高锰酸钾溶液褪色时间从26分钟和15分钟分别缩短至3分钟和2分钟,且现象出现明显。改进后的实验很好地满足了高中化学课堂实验教学的要求。
[Abstract]:Chemistry is a subject based on experiment results, all chemical obtained, is inseparable with the education and teaching of chemistry experiment. Chemistry experiment is a fundamental part of chemistry teaching, the theory of chemical experiment teaching, to cultivate students' experimental skills, and comprehensively improve the quality of teaching, has important theory and the practical significance. Since the implementation of the new curriculum, high school chemistry experiment teaching has some problems in chemistry experiment teaching content also has many deficiencies, so that students suffered different degrees of difficulty in learning chemistry experiment. This paper adopts questionnaire survey, the chemistry experiment and teachers of senior high school students in Xilinhaote in three schools in the experimental improvement situation. The current senior high school chemistry textbook "concentration on chemical equilibrium effect", "copper zinc sulfuric acid The original battery "and" impact "on the concentration of oxalic acid solution and acid solution. The reaction rate of the Potassium Permanganate reaction time three teaching experiments, reaction phenomenon is not obvious, the three experiment was improved. The study found that the effect of concentration on the chemical balance experiment, concentration of NaOH reaction original textbooks increased from 0.01 mol/L to 0.5 mol/L or 1 mol/L, red brown Fe (OH) 3 precipitates appear quickly, the phenomenon is obvious." copper zinc sulfuric acid battery experiment increases the concentration of sulfuric acid, reducing resistance and selection of two galvanometer relatively thick copper wire and wire, twisted and braided. One end of the wire, wire connected galvanometer, another head filled with dilute sulfuric acid 2 mol/L beaker, found the meter pointer to deflect the wire surface bubbles. To generate a large number of "the concentration of oxalic acid and acid solution Effect of "Potassium Permanganate solution. The reaction rate experiment, concentration of oxalic acid from raw experimental 0.1mol/L and corresponding 0.2mol/L increased to 0.5 mol/L and 1 mol/L after the Potassium Permanganate solution. Time from 26 minutes and 15 minutes respectively shortened to 3 minutes and 2 minutes, and the phenomenon is obvious. The improved experiment is very good to meet the chemistry classroom teaching in senior high school requirements.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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