高中学生物理推理能力的调查研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 18:02
【摘要】：推理能力是衡量学生思维能力高低的重要指标,是物理学科能力的重要组成部分。本文对高中学生物理推理能力的现状进行调查研究,为提高学生的物理学科能力,培养学生的科学素养提供了一些借鉴。本研究选取了南京市三所不同高中的学生为样本,用物理推理能力的“要素层次”理论对学生在三次模拟考试中表现的物理推理能力进行分析。研究分为以下几部分：第一,分析学生在不同推理水平的得分。结果表明在一定情境中,陌生模型的创建对学生来说是一个巨大的挑战。第二,比较不同学校学生物理推理能力的差异。不同学校学生的物理推理能力存在差异,特别是在对于推理能力要求较高的层次,学校之间的差异较为明显。陌生情境和陌生模型对学生的区分度影响比较大。第三,比较不同性别学生物理推理能力的差异。结果发现,男女生之间不存在显著的差异。所以应给予男女生相对公平和自由的发展环境。最后,针对学生在物理推理过程中表现的不足,提出了几点建议。阐述了如何利用思维导图、问题串、科学探究等方式提高学生的物理推理能力。
[Abstract]:Reasoning ability is an important index to measure students' thinking ability and an important component of physics ability. The present situation of physics reasoning ability of senior high school students is investigated and studied in this paper, which provides some reference for improving students' physics subject ability and cultivating students' scientific literacy. In this study, the students of three different senior high schools in Nanjing were selected as samples, and the physical reasoning ability of students in the three simulated examinations was analyzed with the theory of "factor level" of physical reasoning ability. The research is divided into the following parts: first, the students' scores at different levels of reasoning are analyzed. The results show that the creation of strange models is a great challenge to students in a certain situation. Second, compare the difference of students' reasoning ability in different schools. There are differences in physics reasoning ability among students in different schools, especially in the higher level of reasoning ability, the difference between schools is obvious. Unfamiliar situations and unfamiliar models have a great influence on students' discrimination. Thirdly, the differences of students' reasoning ability in physics between different sexes are compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students. Therefore, we should give male and female students a relatively fair and free development environment. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in view of the deficiency of students in the process of physics reasoning. This paper expounds how to improve students' ability of physics reasoning by means of thinking map, question string and scientific inquiry.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7
本文编号：2160237
[Abstract]:Reasoning ability is an important index to measure students' thinking ability and an important component of physics ability. The present situation of physics reasoning ability of senior high school students is investigated and studied in this paper, which provides some reference for improving students' physics subject ability and cultivating students' scientific literacy. In this study, the students of three different senior high schools in Nanjing were selected as samples, and the physical reasoning ability of students in the three simulated examinations was analyzed with the theory of "factor level" of physical reasoning ability. The research is divided into the following parts: first, the students' scores at different levels of reasoning are analyzed. The results show that the creation of strange models is a great challenge to students in a certain situation. Second, compare the difference of students' reasoning ability in different schools. There are differences in physics reasoning ability among students in different schools, especially in the higher level of reasoning ability, the difference between schools is obvious. Unfamiliar situations and unfamiliar models have a great influence on students' discrimination. Thirdly, the differences of students' reasoning ability in physics between different sexes are compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference between male and female students. Therefore, we should give male and female students a relatively fair and free development environment. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in view of the deficiency of students in the process of physics reasoning. This paper expounds how to improve students' ability of physics reasoning by means of thinking map, question string and scientific inquiry.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7
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