甘肃省中小学体育伤害事故的案例分析

发布时间：2018-08-11 18:17

【摘要】：中小学生在学校组织或实施的校内外体育活动以及在学校负有管理责任的体育场馆或因其他体育设施损坏,造成在校中小学生人身损害以及由此产生的精神损害并严重影响受害人的学习生活甚至导致受害人死亡的事故在此称为学校体育伤害事故。近几年来,因为学校体育伤害事故的频繁发生以及处理体育伤害事故法律的不完善,对整个国家、学校、教师、学生家庭和学生个人带来了严重的危害。现如今困扰我国学校体育工作顺利开展的一大难题就是学校体育伤害事故。本文以甘肃省中小学体育伤害事故的案例作为研究对象,通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、案例分析法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法试图详细分析甘肃省近年来发生的中小学的体育伤害事故,对伤害事故的责任主体的认定、归责原则的采用、案例分析等方面的问题进行初步探讨,希望引起人们的重视,呼吁尽早完善立法从而保证体育教学的顺利开展与进行。研究结果表明:在甘肃省中小学体育伤害事故的案例中,小学生的事故发生率最低,初中生的事故发生率最高;而这些案例大多数发生于体育课及课外体育活动中。因为学校与学生之间的法律关系不明确,导致发生损害事故时,赔偿责任界定不清。目前,甘肃省学校体育的安全形势不容乐观。突出表现在以下几个方面:1、在物的因素方面主要表现为甘肃省学校的体育物资环境条件较差,体育设施老化,校方疏于定期维护和检查,学生运动空间十分拥挤;2、在人的因素方面主要是学生在进行体育运动时安全意识不足,对体育伤害事故的危险认识不够是导致学生发生体育伤害事故的首位原因,除此之外,体育教师的失职也是不容小觑的因素;3、在学校管理因素方面主要是对体育教师及学生的安全教育不足,发生伤害事故后应急制度的操作性不强,学校体育场馆设施管理力度薄弱,班额(班级人数)太大,不易于课堂管理;4、个人因素方面主要是部分学生的饮食习惯不够合理,导致学生体质下降,易发生伤害事故;家长法律意识淡薄,对学校体育伤害事故的认识有待提高。针对以上结论,结合本省的实际情况,提出相应的建议:1、建立学生健康档案制度;2、建议所有学校都购买意外伤害险;3、加强对体育场地器材的安全检查;4、增强教师法律维权意识;5、对学生加强安全运动教育;6、在自己的合法权益受到侵害时,应通过法律手段解决问题完善立法;7、完善立法。
[Abstract]:Sports activities organized or carried out by primary and secondary school students in and out of the school, as well as damage to stadiums and gymnasiums where the school has responsibility for management or other sports facilities, The accidents which cause personal injury and mental damage to the primary and middle school students and seriously affect the study life of the victims and even lead to the death of the victims are called school sports injury accidents. In recent years, because of the frequent occurrence of school sports injury accidents and the imperfect law of dealing with sports injury accidents, it has brought serious harm to the whole country, schools, teachers, students' families and students themselves. Nowadays, school sports injury accident is a difficult problem that puzzles the smooth development of school physical education in our country. This paper takes the case of sports injury accident in primary and middle schools in Gansu Province as the research object, through the methods of literature, questionnaire, interview, case analysis, etc. The mathematical statistics method and the logical analysis method attempt to analyze in detail the sports injury accidents in the middle and primary schools in Gansu province in recent years, and make a preliminary discussion on the identification of the main body responsible for the injury accidents, the adoption of the principle of imputation, the case analysis and so on. Hope to arouse people's attention, call for the early improvement of legislation to ensure the smooth development and implementation of physical education. The results show that the incidence of primary school students and junior high school students is the lowest in the cases of sports injuries in primary and secondary schools in Gansu Province, and most of these cases occur in physical education and extracurricular sports activities. Because the legal relationship between school and students is not clear, the definition of liability is unclear. At present, Gansu Province school sports safety situation is not optimistic. Outstanding in the following aspects: 1. In terms of material factors, the physical material environment of schools in Gansu Province is poor, sports facilities are aging, and schools fail to maintain and inspect regularly. The students' sports space is very crowded. In terms of human factors, the main reason is that the students are not aware of the safety when they are playing sports, and the lack of awareness of the danger of sports injury accidents is the first reason leading to the students' sports injury accidents. The dereliction of duty of PE teachers is also a factor that can not be underestimated. In school management factors, the safety education of PE teachers and students is insufficient, and the operation of emergency system after injury accidents is not strong. School stadiums and gymnasiums facilities management is weak, class size (class size) is too large, not easy to classroom management, personal factors are mainly part of the students eating habits are not reasonable, resulting in the decline of students' physique, vulnerable to accidents; Parents' legal consciousness is weak, the understanding of school sports injury accident needs to be improved. In view of the above conclusions, combined with the actual situation in this province, Put forward corresponding suggestions: 1, establish student health file system, suggest that all schools buy accident injury insurance, strengthen safety inspection of sports facilities and equipment, strengthen teachers' awareness of legal rights, and strengthen safety sports education for students. Yuyu 6, when his legitimate rights and interests are infringed, We should perfect the legislation and perfect the legislation by legal means.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.96

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