高中物理教学中高阶思维能力的培养探究
发布时间：2018-08-23 21:22
【摘要】：21世纪是以知识经济为主导的信息时代,不断更新的知识和日趋激烈的市场竞争,不仅为人类社会的发展提供了更多的发展机遇,也对人才的培养提出了更高的要求,高阶思维能力应用而生。高阶思维能力是一种高层次认知水平的综合能力,它是当今社会学习者得以生存与发展的必备技能,是新课改的发展方向。因而,如何在学科教学中提高学生的高阶思维能力,是摆在教育工作者面前的最为首要的问题,也是当下教育研究的中重要课题。本研究以布鲁姆的认知目标分类理论为基础,以高中物理学科为例,对高中生高阶思维能力的发展现状进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析,提出物理课堂教学中培养高阶思维的教学策略。本研究采用文献法、访谈法以及问卷调查法等多种研究方法,主要研究工作如下：1.通过分析和总结国内外高阶思维的相关研究,归纳了以往研究的不足之处,提出拟研究的问题,并简要的介绍了本研究的思路。2.对高阶思维能力的概念进行了界定,并介绍了培养高阶思维能力的相关理论基础,包括杜威的思维与教学理论、高阶学习理论、建构主义学习理论和对话理论,这些理论为调查问卷的编制和教学策略的提出提供了理论依据。3.在已有研究的基础改编高阶思维能力的相关问卷,对高中生高阶思维能力的现状进行调查。运用《高中生高阶思维能力调查问卷》调查了308名高中生的高阶思维能力,获得了以下结果：(1)高中生的高阶思维能力处于中等水平,大多数学生处理问题的的思维层次和认知水平还处于低阶思维,有待提高；(2)不同层次物理学业成绩学生之间的高阶思维能力存在显著性差异。并且,不同层次物理学业成绩学生之间的高阶思维倾向和高阶思维技能也都具有显著性差异；(3)高中阶段三个年级学生的高阶思维能力的差异并不显著；(4)不同性别学生的高阶思维能力倾向和高阶思维技能都没有显著性差异,但从平均值来看,男生的高阶思维倾向优于女生,高阶思维的能力(问题解决、决策、批判、创造的能力)也强于女生。4.通过对研究结果的分析提出了高中物理教学中培养学生高阶思维能力的教学策略：更新教学理念,提高高阶思维能力的培养的意识；构建HOTS学习环境,营造高阶思维能力发展的氛围；选择多元化的教学方式,提高学生的高阶思维能力,并基于各个培养策略对相关的教学案例进行评析。最后还提出了有关高阶思维能力培养过程中需要注意的一些问题,如教师要设计基于高阶学习的问题和任务,同时还要注意学生思维能力发展的个体差异,为一线物理教师提供参考。5.对本研究进行总结。阐述了本研究所取得的成果、创新之处以及有待进一步研究的问题,为今后高阶思维能力的相关研究指明了方向。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is an information age dominated by knowledge economy. The constantly updated knowledge and increasingly fierce market competition not only provide more development opportunities for the development of human society, but also put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of talents. Higher-order thinking skills are applied. High-order thinking ability is a comprehensive ability of high-level cognitive level. It is the necessary skill for the learners to survive and develop and the development direction of the new curriculum reform. Therefore, how to improve the students' higher thinking ability in the course of teaching is the most important problem in front of the educators, and it is also an important subject in the current educational research. Based on Bloom's classification theory of cognitive goals and taking physics as an example, this study investigates the development of high-level thinking ability of high school students, and analyzes the results of the investigation The teaching strategy of cultivating high-order thinking in physics classroom teaching is put forward. This research adopts literature method, interview method and questionnaire method, etc. The main research work is as follows: 1. By analyzing and summing up the related research of high order thinking at home and abroad, this paper sums up the shortcomings of the previous researches, puts forward the problems to be studied, and briefly introduces the train of thought of this study. 2. This paper defines the concept of higher order thinking ability, and introduces the theoretical basis of cultivating higher order thinking ability, including Dewey's thinking and teaching theory, higher order learning theory, constructivism learning theory and dialogue theory. These theories provide a theoretical basis for the compilation of questionnaires and the presentation of teaching strategies. Based on the previous research, the current situation of high-order thinking ability of high school students was investigated by adapting the questionnaire of high-order thinking ability. Using the questionnaire of High order thinking ability of High School students, we investigated 308 high school students' higher order thinking ability, and obtained the following results: (1) High order thinking ability of high school students is at the middle level. Most of the students' thinking level and cognitive level are still in the low level of thinking, which needs to be improved. (2) there are significant differences in higher order thinking ability among students at different levels of physics academic achievement. Moreover, there are significant differences in higher order thinking tendency and higher order thinking skills among students with different grades of physics academic achievement. (3) there is no significant difference in higher order thinking ability of three grades in senior middle school. (4) there was no significant difference in higher order thinking ability and higher order thinking skills among students of different genders, but on average, the higher order thinking tendency of boys was better than that of girls, and the ability of higher order thinking (problem solving, decision making, critical thinking) was better than that of female students. The ability to create is also stronger than that of girls. Through the analysis of the research results, this paper puts forward the teaching strategies of cultivating the students' higher order thinking ability in physics teaching in senior high school: renewing the teaching idea, improving the consciousness of the cultivation of the higher order thinking ability, constructing the HOTS learning environment, To create an atmosphere for the development of higher-order thinking ability, to choose a variety of teaching methods, to improve students' high-order thinking ability, and to evaluate the relevant teaching cases based on each training strategy. Finally, some problems that should be paid attention to in the process of developing higher order thinking ability are put forward, such as teachers should design problems and tasks based on higher learning, and at the same time, they should pay attention to the individual differences in the development of students' thinking ability. To provide a reference for first-line physics teachers. This research is summarized. The achievements, innovations and problems to be further studied in this study are expounded, and the direction of the related research on the ability of higher order thinking in the future is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7
本文编号：2199959
[Abstract]:The 21st century is an information age dominated by knowledge economy. The constantly updated knowledge and increasingly fierce market competition not only provide more development opportunities for the development of human society, but also put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of talents. Higher-order thinking skills are applied. High-order thinking ability is a comprehensive ability of high-level cognitive level. It is the necessary skill for the learners to survive and develop and the development direction of the new curriculum reform. Therefore, how to improve the students' higher thinking ability in the course of teaching is the most important problem in front of the educators, and it is also an important subject in the current educational research. Based on Bloom's classification theory of cognitive goals and taking physics as an example, this study investigates the development of high-level thinking ability of high school students, and analyzes the results of the investigation The teaching strategy of cultivating high-order thinking in physics classroom teaching is put forward. This research adopts literature method, interview method and questionnaire method, etc. The main research work is as follows: 1. By analyzing and summing up the related research of high order thinking at home and abroad, this paper sums up the shortcomings of the previous researches, puts forward the problems to be studied, and briefly introduces the train of thought of this study. 2. This paper defines the concept of higher order thinking ability, and introduces the theoretical basis of cultivating higher order thinking ability, including Dewey's thinking and teaching theory, higher order learning theory, constructivism learning theory and dialogue theory. These theories provide a theoretical basis for the compilation of questionnaires and the presentation of teaching strategies. Based on the previous research, the current situation of high-order thinking ability of high school students was investigated by adapting the questionnaire of high-order thinking ability. Using the questionnaire of High order thinking ability of High School students, we investigated 308 high school students' higher order thinking ability, and obtained the following results: (1) High order thinking ability of high school students is at the middle level. Most of the students' thinking level and cognitive level are still in the low level of thinking, which needs to be improved. (2) there are significant differences in higher order thinking ability among students at different levels of physics academic achievement. Moreover, there are significant differences in higher order thinking tendency and higher order thinking skills among students with different grades of physics academic achievement. (3) there is no significant difference in higher order thinking ability of three grades in senior middle school. (4) there was no significant difference in higher order thinking ability and higher order thinking skills among students of different genders, but on average, the higher order thinking tendency of boys was better than that of girls, and the ability of higher order thinking (problem solving, decision making, critical thinking) was better than that of female students. The ability to create is also stronger than that of girls. Through the analysis of the research results, this paper puts forward the teaching strategies of cultivating the students' higher order thinking ability in physics teaching in senior high school: renewing the teaching idea, improving the consciousness of the cultivation of the higher order thinking ability, constructing the HOTS learning environment, To create an atmosphere for the development of higher-order thinking ability, to choose a variety of teaching methods, to improve students' high-order thinking ability, and to evaluate the relevant teaching cases based on each training strategy. Finally, some problems that should be paid attention to in the process of developing higher order thinking ability are put forward, such as teachers should design problems and tasks based on higher learning, and at the same time, they should pay attention to the individual differences in the development of students' thinking ability. To provide a reference for first-line physics teachers. This research is summarized. The achievements, innovations and problems to be further studied in this study are expounded, and the direction of the related research on the ability of higher order thinking in the future is pointed out.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7
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