中学生教育期望的性别差异:表现与成因

发布时间：2018-08-26 11:56

【摘要】：女性在教育领域的优势地位日益成为社会学领域一个值得关注的话题。本研究使用"中国教育追踪调查"基线数据,从家庭环境和学校环境两个角度出发,借鉴社会互动论的理论视角考察了我国初中学生在家庭和学校生活中三类重要社会化主体(家长、同辈群体和老师)对教育期望的影响及其性别差异。研究发现:第一,女生的教育期望总体高于男生。第二,在家庭内部,男生得到更多的家长监督,但在学校,女生在上进同辈群体和老师的鼓励方面更有优势。第三,家长监督、同辈上进程度和老师鼓励程度均对教育期望有显著的正面影响,但其作用存在明显的性别差异。基于以上发现,我们认为,教育期望的"男孩危机"主要是在学校环境中产生。女性教育优势问题带来诸多两性不平等的新变化,这些新变化对性别平等观念、社会的性别秩序以及政策实践均有深远影响。
[Abstract]:The dominant position of women in the field of education has increasingly become a topic of concern in the field of sociology. In this study, the baseline data of "China Education tracking Survey" were used to analyze the family environment and the school environment. From the perspective of social interaction theory, this paper examines the influence of three important socialized subjects (parents, peer groups and teachers) on educational expectations and their gender differences in the family and school life of junior high school students in China. The study found that: first, girls' educational expectations are generally higher than boys'. Second, within the family, boys have more parental supervision, but in schools, girls have an advantage in encouraging peer groups and teachers. Third, parental supervision, peer improvement and teacher encouragement have significant positive effects on educational expectations, but there are significant gender differences in their roles. Based on the above findings, we believe that the "boy crisis" of educational expectations is mainly generated in the school environment. The problem of female educational superiority brings many new changes of gender inequality, which have far-reaching influence on gender equality concept, social gender order and policy practice.
【作者单位】：南京大学社会学院;
【基金】：南京大学“登峰人才支持计划(B层次)”的经费资助
【分类号】：G635.5;C913.68

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