《祝福》的教学研究
发布时间：2018-10-13 16:44
【摘要】：鲁迅作品长期入选中学语文教材,而且一直是教学、考试的重点,虽然现行语文教材出炉之际, 曾传出“鲁迅文章大撤退”的舆论,但是通过对现行6个版本的高中语文教材进行调查,笔者发现鲁迅作品选入教材的总量并未减少,鲁迅作品依然是中学语文课堂的“重头戏”。然而教学领域长期固守旧有经验以至形成了鲁迅作品艰涩、高深、批判性战斗性强的成见,并使学生滋生出厌烦排斥的不良情绪。介于此,本文选择了鲁迅作品的经典之作,同时也是选入高中语文教材重复率最高的《祝福》一文,对教学现状进行调查总结,对文学批评界和教育教学界的研究现状进行梳理,对两界的研究成果进行比对,在此基础上力争提出实用有效的教学建议。现今中学课堂对《祝福》的解读大多仍停留于旧有阶级论观点,将批判“吃人”的封建制度作为小说主流的甚至是唯一的主题。《祝福》中的人物也被“标签化”：鲁四爷是封建伦理道德的代表,柳妈鲁四奶奶则是“帮凶”,祥林嫂是贫穷弱小的下层劳动妇女。中学课堂对《祝福》进行诸如此类预设的、固化的、反封建性的宣讲,对作品缺乏深入真切地体验与思考,作品的艺术美与哲学思想也就更无从把握了。针对这一问题,笔者对文学批评领域和教学领域的研究成果进行了梳理。纵观文学批评领域的研究趋势,可以发现文学界关于《祝福》的研究经历了“外因—内因”的历程。90年代以前的研究成果基本以“四权”为基础展开,90年代以后逐渐摒弃“四权”开始从社会学、宗教学、心理学等视角对《祝福》进行内蕴的挖掘。《祝福》教学方面的研究集中于教学内容和教学方法。教学内容方面的研究主要是《祝福》的主题和人物形象,其主题和人物形象研究则如上文提到的,大多固守旧有经验。将两者进行对比不难发现文学批评领域的研究不断发展推进,而教学领域的研究则相对滞后,发展非常缓慢。笔者认为要想让《祝福》跨越时间、空间的限制,真正走入当下,必须将文学批评领域最新最前沿的成果引入课堂,使教学与研究齐头并进。在此基础上,笔者试图结合文学批评领域和教学领域对《祝福》的研究,采用教学研究领域有效的教学策略,例如对比法、细读法,并将文学批评领域的研究成果引入课堂,以期对《祝福》的教学研究和教学实践略作贡献。
[Abstract]:Lu Xun's works have long been selected in the middle school Chinese teaching materials, and have always been the focus of teaching and examination. Although the current Chinese teaching materials have been released, there has been public opinion that "the article of Lu Xun has retreated". However, through the investigation of the current six versions of Chinese teaching materials in senior high schools, the author finds that the total number of textbooks selected by Lu Xun's works has not been reduced, and Lu Xun's works are still the "major play" in the middle school Chinese classroom. However, the teaching field has persisted in the old experience for a long time, and formed the prejudice of Lu Xun's works which is difficult, profound and critical, and made the students develop the bad feelings of boredom and rejection. In view of this, this paper chooses the classic works of Lu Xun's works, and it is also the article of "Blessing", which has the highest repetition rate of high school Chinese teaching materials, and carries on the investigation and summary to the teaching present situation. This paper combs the current research situation of literary criticism and education and teaching circles, compares the research results of the two fields, and tries to put forward practical and effective teaching suggestions on this basis. Most of the interpretations of "Blessing" in the middle school classroom today are still in the old class view. Criticizing the feudal system of "cannibalism" is even the only theme in the novel. The characters in "Blessing" are also "tagged": fourth Master Lu is the representative of feudal ethics, and Granny Liu Mao-lu is the "accomplice". Mrs. Xianglin is a poor, weak, underclass working woman. In the middle school classroom, the presupposition, solidification and anti-feudalism of the Blessing are carried out, and the artistic beauty and philosophical thought of the works are still more difficult to grasp because of the lack of deep and genuine experience and reflection on the works. Aiming at this problem, the author combs the research achievements in the field of literary criticism and teaching. Looking at the research trends in the field of literary criticism, It can be found that the study of "blessing" in literary circles has experienced the process of "external cause and internal cause". The research results before the 1990s were basically based on the "four powers", and gradually abandoned the "four powers" from sociology and religious education after the 1990s. From the perspective of psychology and so on, the study of "blessing" focuses on the content and method of teaching. The research on teaching content is mainly about the theme and character image of "Blessing", and the study of its theme and character image is as mentioned above, most of them stick to the old experience. It is not difficult to find that the research in the field of literary criticism is developing while the research in teaching is lagging behind and developing very slowly. The author thinks that if we want to make Blessing beyond the limitation of time and space, we must introduce the latest frontier achievements in the field of literary criticism into the classroom so that teaching and research can go hand in hand with each other. On this basis, the author tries to combine the research of the field of literary criticism and teaching to use effective teaching strategies in the field of teaching and research, such as contrast method, detailed reading method, and introduce the research results in the field of literary criticism into the classroom. In order to make a little contribution to the teaching research and teaching practice of Blessing the Blessing.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3
本文编号：2269280
[Abstract]:Lu Xun's works have long been selected in the middle school Chinese teaching materials, and have always been the focus of teaching and examination. Although the current Chinese teaching materials have been released, there has been public opinion that "the article of Lu Xun has retreated". However, through the investigation of the current six versions of Chinese teaching materials in senior high schools, the author finds that the total number of textbooks selected by Lu Xun's works has not been reduced, and Lu Xun's works are still the "major play" in the middle school Chinese classroom. However, the teaching field has persisted in the old experience for a long time, and formed the prejudice of Lu Xun's works which is difficult, profound and critical, and made the students develop the bad feelings of boredom and rejection. In view of this, this paper chooses the classic works of Lu Xun's works, and it is also the article of "Blessing", which has the highest repetition rate of high school Chinese teaching materials, and carries on the investigation and summary to the teaching present situation. This paper combs the current research situation of literary criticism and education and teaching circles, compares the research results of the two fields, and tries to put forward practical and effective teaching suggestions on this basis. Most of the interpretations of "Blessing" in the middle school classroom today are still in the old class view. Criticizing the feudal system of "cannibalism" is even the only theme in the novel. The characters in "Blessing" are also "tagged": fourth Master Lu is the representative of feudal ethics, and Granny Liu Mao-lu is the "accomplice". Mrs. Xianglin is a poor, weak, underclass working woman. In the middle school classroom, the presupposition, solidification and anti-feudalism of the Blessing are carried out, and the artistic beauty and philosophical thought of the works are still more difficult to grasp because of the lack of deep and genuine experience and reflection on the works. Aiming at this problem, the author combs the research achievements in the field of literary criticism and teaching. Looking at the research trends in the field of literary criticism, It can be found that the study of "blessing" in literary circles has experienced the process of "external cause and internal cause". The research results before the 1990s were basically based on the "four powers", and gradually abandoned the "four powers" from sociology and religious education after the 1990s. From the perspective of psychology and so on, the study of "blessing" focuses on the content and method of teaching. The research on teaching content is mainly about the theme and character image of "Blessing", and the study of its theme and character image is as mentioned above, most of them stick to the old experience. It is not difficult to find that the research in the field of literary criticism is developing while the research in teaching is lagging behind and developing very slowly. The author thinks that if we want to make Blessing beyond the limitation of time and space, we must introduce the latest frontier achievements in the field of literary criticism into the classroom so that teaching and research can go hand in hand with each other. On this basis, the author tries to combine the research of the field of literary criticism and teaching to use effective teaching strategies in the field of teaching and research, such as contrast method, detailed reading method, and introduce the research results in the field of literary criticism into the classroom. In order to make a little contribution to the teaching research and teaching practice of Blessing the Blessing.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3
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