论历史图片在中学历史教学中的有效性运用

发布时间：2018-10-14 10:23

【摘要】：自2007年国家推行新课改以来,中学历史教材最大的变化就是插图很多,图文并秒。图片是历史教材的重要组成部分,也是不可或缺的史料。它以形象、生动、直观的方式表达出丰富的历史信息,把复杂的历史现象寓于插图之中,起到了文字所不能替代的作用。因此在新课改背景下,教师必须重视对历史图片在中学历史课堂中的教学,加强对历史插图的研究,从而引导学生掌握图中学史的方法,发挥其在教学中的重要辅助作用。合理应用图片可以拉近历史与现实的距离。图片作为一种直观的、新颖的教学资源,能有效地激起学生的学习情趣,通过解读历史图片信息和探寻背后的故事,进而引发学生对历史的深入思考,形成情感态度与价值观。近几年高考,文综试卷历史试题的一个突出变化是试题中出现丰富的图片,这既体现了史学的博大,又使得试卷图文并茂、形象直观、生动活泼。高考题中出现的图片多数都以教材内容作依托,有的甚至就直接来源于教科书。这一变化也给我们平时的历史学习和复习以深刻启示。据笔者观察发现,从新课改后的第一年高考(2007年)到现在的2015年高考,近九年来全国各地高考历史试卷题目涉及历史图片的题目越来越多,既有选择题,也有材料分析题。经过笔者对全国每年14套,总共126套高考历史试卷的详细统计得出,历史图片类题目越来越多,所占比例也越来越高；图片取材,来源广泛,不局限于课本。高考题中出现的图片多数以教材内容作依托,稍作改变加以运用,有的甚至就直接选自于教科书；图文并秒,形象直观,生动活泼。除了展示历史图片,还有适当的文字解释,这对历史图片的文字解释会在题目中出现,我们也是从中找出历史信息,分析答题；考察方法和手段也在不断变化,有选择题,材料题,图表,漫画,地图题。因此,要求教师首先要变革思想,重视历史图片在教科书中的地位,重视历史图片在考试中的灵活运用。教材的图文并茂,既要重视历史图片,也要重视历史图片旁的文字补充解释说明。
[Abstract]:Since the introduction of the new curriculum reform in 2007, the biggest change in history textbooks in middle schools is that there are lots of illustrations, pictures and texts. Picture is an important part of history teaching material, and it is also an indispensable historical material. It expresses abundant historical information in image, vividness and intuitionistic way, and finds complicated historical phenomena in illustrations, which can not be replaced by words. Therefore, under the background of the new curriculum reform, teachers must attach importance to the teaching of historical pictures in the history classroom of middle schools, strengthen the research on historical illustrations, so as to guide students to master the methods of drawing middle school history and play an important auxiliary role in teaching. The reasonable use of pictures can draw the distance between history and reality. As a kind of intuitionistic and novel teaching resource, picture can effectively arouse the students' interest in learning. By interpreting the historical picture information and exploring the story behind it, the students can think deeply about history and form their emotional attitude and values. In recent years, one of the prominent changes in the history questions of the comprehensive papers in the college entrance examination is the appearance of abundant pictures in the examination questions, which not only reflects the extensive history, but also makes the papers vivid, vivid and vivid. Most of the pictures in the college entrance examination questions are based on the contents of textbooks, and some even come directly from textbooks. This change also gives us ordinary history study and review to profound enlightenment. According to the author's observation, from the first year of college entrance examination (2007) after the new curriculum reform to the 2015 college entrance examination, there are more and more questions concerning historical pictures in the history papers of college entrance examination all over the country in the past nine years, both multiple choice questions and material analysis questions. Through the detailed statistics of 14 sets of history papers and 126 sets of college entrance examination papers in the whole country, it is found that the number of historical pictures is more and more, and the proportion of historical pictures is becoming higher and higher; the source of pictures is extensive, not limited to textbooks. Most of the pictures in the college entrance examination questions are based on the contents of the teaching materials, and some of them are even directly selected from the textbooks; the pictures and texts are in parallel seconds, the images are intuitive and lively. In addition to displaying historical pictures, there are also appropriate text explanations. This interpretation of historical pictures will appear in the title. We will also find historical information from it and analyze the answers to the questions. The methods and means of inspection are also constantly changing, with multiple choice questions. Material questions, charts, comics, maps. Therefore, teachers should first change their thinking, attach importance to the status of historical pictures in textbooks, and attach importance to the flexible use of historical pictures in examinations. The textbook is full of pictures and texts. It is necessary to attach importance to historical pictures as well as to the supplementary explanations beside historical pictures.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.51

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