影响高中物理学习困难因素探析及教学对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 09:31

【摘要】：实施素质教育，促进全体学生的全面发展，提高全民族的科学文化素质，是当今教育的根本任务。然而，从我们的教学现状来看，由于过重的学习压力、教育方法的不当，以及家庭和社会诸多因素的影响，部分学生出现了学习困难现象。在高中阶段，不管是普通高中还是重点高中，学习困难现象尤以物理学习困难最为突出。究其原因，除了学生的身心因素和学科的知识因素外，随着新课程改革的推进，发生了其他新的变化。因此，分析研究新的影响因素，并制定相应的教学策略成为转换物理学习困难学生的当务之急。针对学习困难现象，国内外有关专家、学者从不同角度做了大量的研究。本文在此基础上，结合物理学习现状，以调查问卷和访谈为主要手段，以教育学、心理学理论为指导，研究分析物理学习困难的形成原因，并提出相应的转化教学策略。其中，针对新课程改革过程中出现的问题，做了大量的调查分析，为转化共性物理学习困难学生，做了必要的尝试和探索，，提出了新的教学建议。研究大量的调查问卷与访谈信息后发现，造成物理学习困难的因素中，学生因素主要表现为学习兴趣和动力不足、物理思维能力偏弱、初高中的衔接障碍、新课程教学方法的不适应、良好学习方法和习惯的缺失等等；教师因素主要表现为对学生情感投入过少、新课程课堂的驾驭能力偏弱、教学方法的使用不够灵活、对学生的目标要求过高等等。另外，物理学科综合性的特点、家庭教育的沟通方式以及社会风气等因素对物理学习困难也有一定的影响。通过研究分析物理学习困难的形成因素，结合教学经验与实践，提出了相应的教学对策：1.合理过渡，循序渐进，克服衔接障碍；2.深化实验教学，提升困难学生的物理学习力；3.强化物理思维训练教学，发展学生的物理思维能力；4.因材施教，有的放矢；5.深刻理解新课程改革精髓，提高教师的业务素质。
[Abstract]:The basic task of education nowadays is to carry out quality education, to promote the all-round development of all students and to improve the scientific and cultural quality of the whole nation. However, according to the present situation of our teaching, some students have difficulty in learning because of the excessive pressure of study, the improper educational method and the influence of many factors of family and society. In the senior middle school, the phenomenon of learning difficulty is the most prominent in both the ordinary high school and the key high school. Besides the students' physical and mental factors and the knowledge factors of the subject, other new changes have taken place with the advancement of the new curriculum reform. Therefore, it is urgent for students with physical learning difficulties to analyze and study new influencing factors and formulate corresponding teaching strategies. In view of the phenomenon of learning difficulties, experts and scholars from different angles have done a lot of research at home and abroad. On this basis, combined with the present situation of physics learning, taking questionnaire and interview as the main means, and guided by pedagogy and psychology theory, this paper studies and analyzes the causes of physics learning difficulties, and puts forward the corresponding transformation teaching strategies. Aiming at the problems in the course of the new curriculum reform, this paper makes a lot of investigation and analysis, makes a necessary attempt and exploration for the transformation of students with common physics learning difficulties, and puts forward new teaching suggestions. After studying a large number of questionnaire and interview information, it is found that among the factors that cause physics learning difficulties, the main factors of students are lack of interest and motivation in learning, weak ability of thinking in physics, and obstacles of connecting between middle and high school. The main factors of teachers are too little emotional input to students, weak control ability of the new curriculum classroom, not flexible use of teaching methods, and so on, such as the inadaptability of new curriculum teaching methods, the lack of good learning methods and habits, etc. Ask too much for students' goals and so on. In addition, the comprehensive characteristics of physics, the communication mode of family education and social atmosphere also have certain influence on physics learning difficulties. Through the research and analysis of the forming factors of physics learning difficulties, combined with teaching experience and practice, the corresponding teaching countermeasures are put forward: 1. Reasonable transition, step by step, overcome the obstacles of cohesion; 2. Deepen the experiment teaching, improve the physics learning ability of the difficult students; 3. Strengthen the physics thinking training teaching, develop the students' physics thinking ability; 4. Teach students according to their aptitude. 5. Deeply understand the essence of the new curriculum reform, improve the professional quality of teachers.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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