北师大版与人教版初中数学教材-“空间与图形”部分比较研究
发布时间：2019-01-03 18:16
【摘要】：自从《全日制义务教育数学课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《标准》)颁布以来,新一轮课程改革在全国各地全面启动。这次改革涉及到课程理念、课程内容、教学模式等多个方面,均在教材中有明显展现,这就突出了教材在课改中的重要性,而几何内容尤其能突出新教材的特点。伴随课改,目前我国出现了多种不同版本的数学教材,如何选择适合学生学习的教材就成了教育研究者需要共同探讨的课题。本文借鉴前人的经验及著作,结合自身多年的教学经验和对教材的理解,对北师大版和人教版两套教材中“空间与图形”部分作出文本式比较研究,主要通过文献法和比较法对教材进行分析,通过4章内容对两套教材的编写理念、论证几何内容特点、习题、教材设计等作出研究。通过研究比较,两种版本的教科书都能体现新课程改革的先进理念,并且体现了各自的特点,可以总结出以下结论：两套教材都图文并茂,有大量现实生活的图片.,贴近生活,将知识与技能、过程方法、价值观三维目标的培养融入学习过程中,教材中平面几何内容的编排方式和结构虽然并不相同,但是都采用了先实验后论证两个阶段的处理方式,其中“人教版”教材中还融入了信息技术的应用,拓展了学生视野和思维空间。两种教材都是采用螺旋式上升的形式,分为两条主线,一条主线是知识体系,另一条主线是使用的主要方法,也就是演绎证明的方法。在平面几何的“两阶段”时间上有所不同,人教版引入演绎证明较早,而北师大版引入较迟。“人教版”教材为培养学生的从“做”中学习“数学”的意识,教材中编排了很多“数学活动”内容,加深了学生主动探究的意识,而北师大版教材编排是循序渐进,缓慢加深,学生易于把握教材全局,对整体知识结构的理解更为全面。北师大版教材空间部分比重大,更重视学生空间观念的发展,让学生更多的体会几何的直观性。人教版教材更侧重于论证几何内容证明过程的描述,倾向于培养学生的证明能力和逻辑思维能力。北师大版教材课堂更多的时间用于探索环节,更注重过程,人教版也有很多合作学习等探索新知类题目,但相对比北师大版要少。学生在做题目时会遇到的困难相对会多一些,这就需要教师在备课时做适当补充。两套教材中的习题编排均体现了课改理念,比如两套教材中都把现实生活情景融入到习题中,让学生体会到数学与现实生活的紧密联系。人教版教材每节都有节前图,可以给教师作为引入材料,教材中配有很多的合作学习,用于探索新知识；而北师大版的章节名称更易理解或加深记忆。通过文本式的比较北师大版和人教版两套教材,希望在新课程的标准理念指导下,能够更好地把握教材,在一定程度上提高初中几何的教学质量,也希望能为教材的修改提供一些有益的建议。
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the Mathematics Curriculum Standard (Experimental draft) for Full-time compulsory Education (hereinafter referred to as "Standard"), a new round of curriculum reform has been launched all over the country. This reform involves many aspects, such as curriculum idea, course content, teaching mode and so on, which are obviously displayed in the teaching material, which highlights the importance of the teaching material in the course reform, and the geometry content can highlight the characteristics of the new teaching material in particular. With the curriculum reform, there are many different versions of mathematics textbooks in our country. How to choose the appropriate textbooks for students to study has become a topic that educational researchers need to discuss together. This paper draws lessons from the previous experience and works, combines its own teaching experience and understanding of the teaching materials, and makes a textual comparative study of "space and graphics" in the two sets of textbooks of Peking normal University edition and human education edition. Mainly through the literature method and the comparative method to analyze the teaching material, through the four chapters content to the two sets of textbooks compilation idea, the demonstration geometry content characteristic, the exercise, the textbook design and so on to make the research. Through research and comparison, both versions of textbooks can embody the advanced ideas of the new curriculum reform, and embody their own characteristics. We can sum up the following conclusions: the two sets of textbooks are both picturesque and have a large number of pictures of real life. Close to life, knowledge and skills, process methods, values of three-dimensional objectives into the learning process, the textbook layout of the content of plane geometry and structure, although not the same, However, the two stages of experiment and demonstration have been adopted, and the application of information technology has been incorporated into the teaching material of "Man Education Edition", which has expanded the students' vision and thinking space. The two kinds of textbooks adopt the form of spiral rise, which is divided into two main lines, one is the knowledge system, the other is the main method used, that is, the method of deductive proof. In plane geometry, the time of "two stages" is different. The introduction of human education version proves to be earlier than that of Peking normal University version. In order to cultivate students' awareness of learning mathematics from "doing", the textbook has arranged a lot of "mathematics activities", which has deepened the students' awareness of active inquiry, while Peking normal University has arranged the textbooks step by step. Slowly deepening, students are easy to grasp the overall situation of teaching materials, understanding of the overall knowledge structure is more comprehensive. The space part of Beijing normal University textbook has a large proportion and pays more attention to the development of students' concept of space so that students can understand geometry more intuitively. The teaching material focuses on the description of the proof process of geometric content, and tends to cultivate the students' proof ability and logical thinking ability. The teaching materials of Beijing normal University have more time to explore and pay more attention to the process. There are also a lot of cooperative learning and so on, but they are less than that of Beijing normal University. Students will encounter more difficulties when doing problems, which requires teachers to make appropriate supplemental in preparing lessons. The exercises arrangement in the two sets of textbooks both embody the idea of curriculum reform, for example, the two sets of textbooks incorporate the real life situation into the exercises, so that the students can realize the close connection between mathematics and real life. Each section of the textbook has a pre-festival chart, which can be used as an introduction material for teachers. The teaching material is equipped with a lot of cooperative learning to explore new knowledge, while the title of the chapters of Peking normal University is easier to understand or deepen the memory. Through the text comparison between the Peking normal University edition and the human education edition, we hope that under the guidance of the new curriculum standard concept, we can better grasp the teaching materials and improve the teaching quality of geometry in junior high school to a certain extent. Also hope to provide some useful suggestions for the revision of teaching materials.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6
本文编号：2399724
[Abstract]:Since the promulgation of the Mathematics Curriculum Standard (Experimental draft) for Full-time compulsory Education (hereinafter referred to as "Standard"), a new round of curriculum reform has been launched all over the country. This reform involves many aspects, such as curriculum idea, course content, teaching mode and so on, which are obviously displayed in the teaching material, which highlights the importance of the teaching material in the course reform, and the geometry content can highlight the characteristics of the new teaching material in particular. With the curriculum reform, there are many different versions of mathematics textbooks in our country. How to choose the appropriate textbooks for students to study has become a topic that educational researchers need to discuss together. This paper draws lessons from the previous experience and works, combines its own teaching experience and understanding of the teaching materials, and makes a textual comparative study of "space and graphics" in the two sets of textbooks of Peking normal University edition and human education edition. Mainly through the literature method and the comparative method to analyze the teaching material, through the four chapters content to the two sets of textbooks compilation idea, the demonstration geometry content characteristic, the exercise, the textbook design and so on to make the research. Through research and comparison, both versions of textbooks can embody the advanced ideas of the new curriculum reform, and embody their own characteristics. We can sum up the following conclusions: the two sets of textbooks are both picturesque and have a large number of pictures of real life. Close to life, knowledge and skills, process methods, values of three-dimensional objectives into the learning process, the textbook layout of the content of plane geometry and structure, although not the same, However, the two stages of experiment and demonstration have been adopted, and the application of information technology has been incorporated into the teaching material of "Man Education Edition", which has expanded the students' vision and thinking space. The two kinds of textbooks adopt the form of spiral rise, which is divided into two main lines, one is the knowledge system, the other is the main method used, that is, the method of deductive proof. In plane geometry, the time of "two stages" is different. The introduction of human education version proves to be earlier than that of Peking normal University version. In order to cultivate students' awareness of learning mathematics from "doing", the textbook has arranged a lot of "mathematics activities", which has deepened the students' awareness of active inquiry, while Peking normal University has arranged the textbooks step by step. Slowly deepening, students are easy to grasp the overall situation of teaching materials, understanding of the overall knowledge structure is more comprehensive. The space part of Beijing normal University textbook has a large proportion and pays more attention to the development of students' concept of space so that students can understand geometry more intuitively. The teaching material focuses on the description of the proof process of geometric content, and tends to cultivate the students' proof ability and logical thinking ability. The teaching materials of Beijing normal University have more time to explore and pay more attention to the process. There are also a lot of cooperative learning and so on, but they are less than that of Beijing normal University. Students will encounter more difficulties when doing problems, which requires teachers to make appropriate supplemental in preparing lessons. The exercises arrangement in the two sets of textbooks both embody the idea of curriculum reform, for example, the two sets of textbooks incorporate the real life situation into the exercises, so that the students can realize the close connection between mathematics and real life. Each section of the textbook has a pre-festival chart, which can be used as an introduction material for teachers. The teaching material is equipped with a lot of cooperative learning to explore new knowledge, while the title of the chapters of Peking normal University is easier to understand or deepen the memory. Through the text comparison between the Peking normal University edition and the human education edition, we hope that under the guidance of the new curriculum standard concept, we can better grasp the teaching materials and improve the teaching quality of geometry in junior high school to a certain extent. Also hope to provide some useful suggestions for the revision of teaching materials.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.6
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