高中思想政治课教学中批判性思维培育研究

发布时间：2019-03-01 19:09

【摘要】：批判性思维就是在确定相信什么或做什么时所进行的理性而全面的思考的过程。其关键就是要有质疑精神,基础是公正,目标是达到对事物的全面、客观的认识。批判性思维不仅需要体现在教师的教学过程中,更要融于学生的学习生活中。高中思想政治课作为一门知识与情感价值观统一的课程,不仅要对全体高中生进行基本的马克思主义、思想道德、思想政治教育,而且要着眼于学生思维能力的培养,帮助学生分析、判断、论证以期达到对事物的正确认识。高中思想政治课的课程总目标就是培养学生运用知识分析现象的能力,并形成正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,以此指导学生参与社会生活。因此,培养学生的批判性思维是十分必要的。本文在新课程改革背景下,以批判性思维的内涵和要求为依据,运用调查研究、结合相关的文献资料、理论联系实际的方法,通过对高中思想政治课批判性思维培育现状的调查,在肯定高中思想政治课教学中批判性思维培育取得成就的基础上,分析了高中思想政治课教学中批判性思维培育中存在的问题及成因,并且有针对性地提出对策,希望为今后的思想政治课教学提供一些参考建议。全文分为五个部分:第一部分,引言。首先介绍了本研究的理论依据、现实依据、国内外研究现状及培养批判性思维的重要意义。其次介绍了本研究所用到文献研究法、调查研究等研究方法以及研究思路、研究重难点、研究创新点。第二部分,思想政治课教学中培育批判性思维的重要性。首先,基于国内外专家学者对批判性思维的研究成果,对批判性思维的内涵进行了界定。批判性思维是一个基于对比,比较事实材料,提出问题、分析、论证的理性思考过程。批判性思维主要有五个特征:主动性、反思性、严谨性、公正性、动态性。其次,基于批判性思维的特征,结合思想政治课教材内容的特点指出,思想政治课教学中培育批判性思维的意义,有助于加快教师专业成长、有助于增强课堂教学的实效性、有助于培养创新人才。第三部分,思想政治课批判性思维教学中存在的问题及成因分析。首先找出通对思想政治课批判性思维教学中存在的问题主要有学校不注重创建批判性思维文化环境、教师批判性思维能力不足、学生对现代学习方式掌握不够等问题。然后运用调查研究、课堂观察等研究方法发现以上问题主要由“应试教育”忽视学生能力的培养、教师专业化发展水平不高、学生学习动机过于功利等因素造成。第四部分,思想政治课教学中培育批判性思维的对策。指出培育批判性思维的途径:优化评价机制,正确引导思想政治课教学;提高思想政治课教师专业化,加强教师引导;增强自主学习意识,转变学习方式。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is the process of rational and comprehensive thinking in determining what to believe or do. Its key is to have the spirit of doubt, the foundation is justice, the goal is to achieve a comprehensive, objective understanding of things. Critical thinking should be reflected not only in teachers' teaching process, but also in students' learning life. As a course of unifying knowledge and emotional values, the ideological and political course of senior high school students should not only carry out basic Marxism, ideological and moral, ideological and political education to all high school students, but also focus on the cultivation of students' thinking ability. Help students to analyze, judge, demonstrate in order to achieve the correct understanding of things. The general goal of ideological and political course in senior high school is to cultivate students' ability to use knowledge to analyze phenomena and to form correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so as to guide students to participate in social life. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate students' critical thinking. Under the background of the new curriculum reform, based on the connotation and requirement of critical thinking, this paper makes use of the methods of investigation and research, combining relevant literature and materials, and integrating theory with practice. Based on the investigation of the present situation of the cultivation of critical thinking in high school ideological and political lessons, this paper affirms the achievements in the cultivation of critical thinking in the teaching of ideological and political lessons in senior high schools. This paper analyzes on the problems and causes of the cultivation of critical thinking in the teaching of ideological and political courses in senior middle schools, and puts forward some countermeasures in order to provide some reference suggestions for the teaching of ideological and political courses in the future. The full text is divided into five parts: the first part, the introduction. First of all, this paper introduces the theoretical basis, practical basis, domestic and foreign research status and the significance of cultivating critical thinking. Secondly, this paper introduces the research methods and ideas of literature research, investigation and research, as well as the important and difficult points and innovation points of the research. The second part, the importance of cultivating critical thinking in ideological and political teaching. Firstly, the connotation of critical thinking is defined based on the research results of domestic and foreign experts and scholars on critical thinking. Critical thinking is a rational thinking process based on contrast, comparing facts, asking questions, analyzing and demonstrating. Critical thinking has five characteristics: initiative, reflection, preciseness, impartiality and dynamism. Secondly, based on the characteristics of critical thinking, combined with the characteristics of ideological and political teaching materials, it is pointed out that the significance of cultivating critical thinking in ideological and political teaching is helpful to accelerate the professional growth of teachers and to enhance the effectiveness of classroom teaching. It is helpful to cultivate innovative talents. The third part, the ideological and political lesson critical thinking teaching problems and causes analysis. Firstly, the problems existing in the critical thinking teaching of ideological and political course are found out, such as the school does not pay attention to the establishment of critical thinking culture environment, the teacher's critical thinking ability is insufficient, and the students do not have enough grasp of modern learning methods and so on. Then by using research methods such as investigation, classroom observation and so on, it is found that the above problems are mainly caused by "examination-oriented education" neglecting the cultivation of students' ability, low level of professional development of teachers, and excessive utilitarian motivation of students. The fourth part is the countermeasure of cultivating critical thinking in the teaching of ideological and political course. It is pointed out that the ways to cultivate critical thinking include optimizing the evaluation mechanism, correctly guiding the teaching of ideological and political lessons, improving the specialization of teachers in ideological and political courses, strengthening the guidance of teachers, enhancing the consciousness of self-determination in learning, and changing the way of learning.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.2

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