培养高中生物理建模能力的教学策略研究

发布时间：2019-03-03 15:47

【摘要】：普通高中物理课程标准中对培养高中生的物理建模意识,全面提高学生解决实际问题能力的相关性和重要性做了全面论述。因此,在教学过程中加强培养学生的物理建模思维能力,对于提高高中生的分析和解决物理问题的能力,提高学生的科学素养,有着重要现实意义。本课题以高一年级的学生作为研究对象,在文献调研的基础上,用调查问卷对河南师范大学附属中学高一学生物理建模能力的现状做了调查,通过调查发现:高中学生识别和运用物理建模的能力较弱;缺乏对模型的理解;听课、审题和复习中缺乏关注模型的意识,针对调查分析的问题,开展了相关教学策略的研究,并对制定的教学策略进行了教学实践检验,证明了该策略的有效性。本文研究得到的培养高中生物理建模能力的教学策略主要有以下3个方面:(1)在新课教学中培养学生的物理建模能力的策略:①利用实验演示和课件演示的方式创设物理情境,为学生建立物理模型提供表象支持;②教学设计要密切联系学生的生活经验,培养学生能从物理原始问题中归纳抽象出熟悉的物理模型的能力。(2)在习题课教学中培养学生的物理建模能力的策略:①在物理习题教学过程中注重对学生思维的程序化训练;②在物理习题课教学过程中利用探究式教学理论开展创建物理模型探究训练。(3)在复习课教学过程中培养学生的物理建模能力的策略:①通过实验帮助学生建立复合模型,提高学生的建模能力。②通过变式教学,提高学生综合建模的能力。
[Abstract]:In the physics curriculum standard of senior high school, the importance and relevance of cultivating high school students' consciousness of physical modeling and improving students' ability to solve practical problems are discussed in an all-round way. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to strengthen the cultivation of students' ability of thinking in physical modeling in the process of teaching, to improve the ability of analyzing and solving physical problems in senior high school students and to improve their scientific literacy. On the basis of literature investigation, the present situation of physics modeling ability of senior high school students in high school affiliated to Henan normal University is investigated by questionnaire, based on the research object of the students in the first year of senior high school. Through the investigation, it is found that senior high school students have weak ability to identify and use physical modeling; Lack of understanding of the model; There is no awareness of paying attention to the model in listening, examining and reviewing. In view of the problems of investigation and analysis, the research on teaching strategies is carried out, and the teaching practice tests are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the strategies. The teaching strategies of cultivating senior high school students' ability of physical modeling are as follows: (1) the strategies of cultivating students' ability of physical modeling in the teaching of new courses: (1) using experiment demonstration and courseware demonstration to demonstrate the ability of physics modeling of senior high school students. Creating physical situations in a way, Providing representation support for students to set up physical model; (2) Teaching design should be closely related to students' life experience; To cultivate students' ability to abstract familiar physical models from the original physical problems. (2) Strategies to cultivate students' ability of physical modeling in exercise class teaching: (1) paying attention to students in the process of physical exercises teaching Procedural training of thinking; (3) the strategy of cultivating students' ability of physical modeling in the course of review teaching: (1) to help students build compound model through experiment; (3) to develop students' ability of physical modeling in the course of reviewing class by means of inquiry teaching theory and inquiry-based teaching theory; (3) to train students' physical modeling ability in the course of reviewing class; Improve students' ability of modeling. 2 improve students' ability of comprehensive modeling through variant teaching.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.7

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