中学化学教材插图的使用现状及优化运用研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 17:18

【摘要】：随着信息社会的到来,人类的阅读方式已悄然发生着变化。我们从读本上获取信息的方式已由原来的纯文字阅读变成了图文并茂的综合阅读,读图时代的到来,意味着读图能力将成为每个公民必备的基本能力。课堂教学是学生受教育的主要形式,在教学中培养学生读图能力主要依靠教材插图。紧跟着信息时代步伐的中学化学教材也随着基础教育改革而丰富了许多,其中增编了许多具有学科特点的插图,如实物图(包括化学实验仪器实物图)、微观与原理模拟图、实验操作示意图、实验现象图、化工生产图等,这为中学化学教学提供了极其重要的教学资源,也从侧面反映了一个事实—化学教学离不开插图的辅助。然而,在长期不可立即消除的应试教育思想的熏陶下,许多师生都采用的是“快餐式”教学,相当一部分教师根本不使用教材插图,甚至不使用教材,学生只是一味地接受教师的“间接经验”,获得高分是他们的唯一追求,如此,学生根本体验不到获得知识的过程和方法,违背了新课程改革对“体验式学习”这一理念的倡导,基础教育改革的直接产物—教材也得不到充分的运用。因此,为提高中学化学教学的有效性,在追求知识目标的同时,注重过程目标,落实情感目标,研究教材插图的使用现状并提出优化使用策略有实质性意义。本论文主要分为五个部分,第一部分为绪论,阐述了选题缘由和意义,研究的目标、内容以及方法；第二部分为理论基础,包括国内外教材插图的研究综述、本研究的相关概念以及有关教育心理学理论,第三部分为人教版中学化学教材插图的浅析,包括特点、分类、功能,读图能力的分类；第四部分为调查分析,包括师生的问卷调查分析和师生的访谈分析,据此了解人教版中学化学教材插图的使用现状,得出结论；第五部分根据调查结论,从教学层面、培养学生的读图能力层面、教材编写层面提出策略建议,以期更好地为中学化学教学服务；第六部分是对本研究的反思与展望。
[Abstract]:With the advent of the information society, the way human reading has quietly changed. The way we obtain information from the reading book has changed from the original pure text reading to the comprehensive reading with both pictures and text. The arrival of the era of reading pictures means that the ability to read pictures will become the necessary basic ability for every citizen. Classroom teaching is the main form of students' education, and the cultivation of students' reading ability mainly depends on the illustration of teaching materials. The chemistry textbooks in middle schools, which follow the pace of the information age, have also been enriched with the reform of basic education, including many illustrative drawings with subject characteristics, truthfulness maps (including physical maps of chemical experimental instruments), microscopic and schematic simulation diagrams. The schematic diagram of experimental operation, the diagram of experimental phenomenon, the diagram of chemical production, and so on, which provide extremely important teaching resources for chemistry teaching in middle school, and also reflect a fact that chemistry teaching can not be separated from the auxiliary of illustration. However, under the influence of the thought of examination-oriented education, which can not be eliminated immediately for a long time, many teachers and students adopt "fast food" teaching, and a considerable number of teachers do not use textbook illustration or even teaching materials at all. Students only blindly accept the "indirect experience" of teachers, and obtaining high marks is their only pursuit. In this way, students simply cannot experience the process and method of acquiring knowledge. Contrary to the advocacy of "experiential learning" in the new curriculum reform, the teaching materials, which is the direct product of the reform of basic education, can not be fully used. Therefore, in order to improve the effectiveness of chemistry teaching in middle school, it is of great significance to pay attention to the process goal, implement the emotional goal, study the present situation of the use of textbook illustration and put forward the optimization strategy while pursuing the knowledge goal. This paper is mainly divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction, which expounds the reason and significance of the topic, the goal, content and method of the study. The second part is the theoretical basis, including the domestic and foreign teaching material illustration research summary, this research related concept as well as the related educational psychology theory, the third part is the human teaching edition middle school chemistry textbook illustration analysis, including the characteristic, the classification, the function, Classification of reading ability; The fourth part is the investigation and analysis, including the questionnaire analysis of teachers and students and the interview analysis of teachers and students, according to which we can understand the present situation of the illustration of middle school chemistry teaching materials, and draw a conclusion. According to the conclusion of the investigation, the fifth part puts forward some strategic suggestions from the teaching level, the level of cultivating students' reading ability and the level of textbook compilation, in order to better serve the chemistry teaching in middle school; the sixth part is the reflection and prospect of this study.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8

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