基于国际科学素养测评项目理念的高考化学开放性试题分析
发布时间：2019-06-14 14:12
【摘要】：自我国实施新课程改革以来已经十多年,其中课程评价改革正在成为基础教育课程改革的难点,对于如何优化课程改革评价,促进科学素养的全面落实也一直是国际科学教育的研究主题。国际上关注教学目标的达成程度,为了有效地检测目标的达成程度,已研制出有精准的测评工具,如：TIMSS(国际数学和科学教育趋势评估), NAEP(国家教育进展评估),PISA(国际学生评价项目)。这些国际测评项目所提供的指标在国际上是很有影响力的,已经引起了世界范围的关注。同时,他们也代表了国际视野对学生评价的比较先进的水平。我国的评价改革也在逐步的完善,借鉴国际测评项目中所提供的指标对我国科学素养评价工具进行分析。本文从分析国际上具有广泛影响的三大科学素养测评项目(PISA、NAEP、 TIMSS)入手,分析三大科学素养测评项目对科学素养进行评价的特点,确定分析我国高考化学试题对科学素养考察的视角,进而分析我国高考化学开放性试题进行分析。在分析我国高考化学试题时,本文主要采取纵向分析和横向分析相结合的方式,对目标试卷进行纵向分析可以看到从新课改革以来,我国高考化学部分对科学素养的考察呈逐年的提高的趋势,通过本研究得到各个维度的考察可以改进的方向：情景维度若将问题融合在情景中,会使情景维度更加有意义；过程维度可以变隐性考察为显性考察,多增加一些科学问题的确认过程和科学探究的考察,将学生的思维过程考察出来；态度维度可以增加一些显性的态度考察,让学生在自主确认问题的过程中对如何正确的处理问题做出正确的选择,而不仅仅是让学生感受科学的力量；知识维度的考察如果与其他学科综合,真正的理综试题将会为解决更多的社会和生活中的问题做出贡献,学生们也会学有所用。
[Abstract]:For more than ten years since the reform of the new curriculum in our country, the curriculum evaluation reform is becoming the difficult point of the curriculum reform of the basic education, and it has been the subject of the international scientific education for how to optimize the evaluation of the curriculum reform and to promote the full implementation of the scientific literacy. International attention is paid to the degree of achievement of the teaching goal. In order to effectively detect the achievement of the goal, an accurate evaluation tool has been developed, such as the TISS (International Mathematical and Scientific Education Trends Assessment), the NAEP (National Education Progress Assessment), and the PISA (International Student Evaluation Project). The indicators provided by these international assessment projects have been internationally influential and have attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, they also represent an advanced level of international vision for student evaluation. The reform of China's evaluation is also in a step-by-step, and the evaluation tools of Chinese science literacy are analyzed by reference to the indicators provided in the international evaluation project. This paper starts with the three major scientific literacy evaluation items (PISA, NEP and TISS) which have a wide impact on the international, analyzes the characteristics of the three major scientific literacy evaluation items to evaluate the scientific literacy, and determines the angle of the examination of the scientific literacy of the national college entrance examination chemistry test questions. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the open test questions of the college entrance examination. In the analysis of the chemical test questions of the college entrance examination in China, this paper mainly adopts the combination of the longitudinal analysis and the horizontal analysis, and the longitudinal analysis of the target test paper can see the trend of the improvement of the scientific literacy in the chemical part of the college entrance examination in China since the reform of the new course. The study of the various dimensions can be improved by this study: if the scene dimension is fused in the scene, the scene dimension is more meaningful; the process dimension can be changed from the recessive investigation into the dominant study, and the confirmation process and the scientific inquiry of some scientific problems can be increased. The study of the students' thought process, the attitude dimension can increase some explicit attitude study, let the students make the correct choice on how to deal with the problem in the course of self-confirmation problem, not only to let the students feel the power of science; The study of the knowledge dimension, if combined with other subjects, will contribute to the solution of more social and life problems, and the students will also learn to use it.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
本文编号：2499448
[Abstract]:For more than ten years since the reform of the new curriculum in our country, the curriculum evaluation reform is becoming the difficult point of the curriculum reform of the basic education, and it has been the subject of the international scientific education for how to optimize the evaluation of the curriculum reform and to promote the full implementation of the scientific literacy. International attention is paid to the degree of achievement of the teaching goal. In order to effectively detect the achievement of the goal, an accurate evaluation tool has been developed, such as the TISS (International Mathematical and Scientific Education Trends Assessment), the NAEP (National Education Progress Assessment), and the PISA (International Student Evaluation Project). The indicators provided by these international assessment projects have been internationally influential and have attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, they also represent an advanced level of international vision for student evaluation. The reform of China's evaluation is also in a step-by-step, and the evaluation tools of Chinese science literacy are analyzed by reference to the indicators provided in the international evaluation project. This paper starts with the three major scientific literacy evaluation items (PISA, NEP and TISS) which have a wide impact on the international, analyzes the characteristics of the three major scientific literacy evaluation items to evaluate the scientific literacy, and determines the angle of the examination of the scientific literacy of the national college entrance examination chemistry test questions. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the open test questions of the college entrance examination. In the analysis of the chemical test questions of the college entrance examination in China, this paper mainly adopts the combination of the longitudinal analysis and the horizontal analysis, and the longitudinal analysis of the target test paper can see the trend of the improvement of the scientific literacy in the chemical part of the college entrance examination in China since the reform of the new course. The study of the various dimensions can be improved by this study: if the scene dimension is fused in the scene, the scene dimension is more meaningful; the process dimension can be changed from the recessive investigation into the dominant study, and the confirmation process and the scientific inquiry of some scientific problems can be increased. The study of the students' thought process, the attitude dimension can increase some explicit attitude study, let the students make the correct choice on how to deal with the problem in the course of self-confirmation problem, not only to let the students feel the power of science; The study of the knowledge dimension, if combined with other subjects, will contribute to the solution of more social and life problems, and the students will also learn to use it.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.8
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