学校教育中“后进生”的形成原因探究

发布时间：2019-06-21 12:20

【摘要】：“后进生”是指智力正常、没有学习技能缺陷,由于后天原因致使测验成绩长期低于平均水平或最低标准、经常违反行为规范、违反学校课堂纪律的学生。在教育实践中,“后进生”现象是学校教育中真实存在的不可避免的现象,是近些年来教育研究者和教育实践者不断关注和研究的问题,以往的研究都是把“后进生”放在社会的大背景下去探讨其形成的原因,但是学生的大部分时间是在学校中度过的,学校教育这种有组织性、系统性的教育对“后进生”的形成起到了很大的作用。“后进生”问题是学校教育所头疼的问题,可在某种程度上同时却是学校教育忽视的问题,因此本文研究者走进某公立高中具体进行分析从学校教育的角度分析“后进生”形成的问题,以此来说明学校教育对“后进生”的形成所产生的影响,并期望通过改变学校教育从而来使“后进生”获得发展。本文是从五个部分展开：第一部分是绪论,论述了研究的缘起和意义,从“后进生”的概念和产生的原因及对策两个方面对已有的研究进行了梳理,提出了本文中“后进生”的概念并把“后进生”分为三类,进而总结出了已有研究的特点和本研究的立足点,并说明了本研究的研究对象的选取和研究方法的运用。第二部分研究者采用了观察法、访谈法、实物搜集等多种方法,通过对“后进生”课堂内外活动的生活现状描述,展现他们在学校中的真实现状,从而为分析学校教育中“后进生”的形成奠定基础。第三部分从学校班级的设置规划、学校课程的安排、教师的教育教学以及学生之间的交往四个方面探讨了学校教育对“后进生”形成的影响,进而表达“后进生”其实是他人人为的对学生的划分,而实际上学生之间是不应该进行分类的,更不应该放弃某一部分学生的教育,教育应该是尊重学生的差异,促进每一个学生的发展的。第四部分分析“后进生”并不是被动的接受他们的分类,提出了“后进生”假意逢迎、公开反抗、麻木沉默的抗争的三种方式,以此来帮助教育者解释教育实践中“后进生”的一些看似不能理解的行为。第五部分根据学校教育对“后进生”形成的原因分析给出了转化的策略。学校端正教育思想是实现转化工作的着力点,建立促进人发展的评价体系是实现转化工作的催化剂,优化课堂教学是实现转化的有效途径,建立良好的师生关系、生生关系是实现转化工作的关键。总之,“后进生”现象是在不恰当的学校教育的影响下出现的,是学生在学校接受教育的过程中人为被分类的结果,因此采取一些方法使学校教育得到改变,使教育者能平等地对待每一个学生,承认差异、尊重差异、发展差异,“后进生”便能获得更好的发展。
[Abstract]:"backward students" refers to students who have normal intelligence and no defects in learning skills. Because of the acquired reasons, the test scores are lower than the average level or the minimum standard for a long time, and often violate the code of conduct and the discipline of the school classroom. In educational practice, the phenomenon of "backward students" is an inevitable phenomenon in school education, and it is a problem that educational researchers and educational practitioners continue to pay attention to and study in recent years. The previous research is to put "backward students" in the context of society to explore the reasons for its formation, but most of the time students spend in schools, school education is organized. Systematic education has played a great role in the formation of backward students. The problem of "backward students" is a headache in school education, but to some extent, it is also a problem neglected in school education. Therefore, the researcher walks into a public high school to analyze the problems formed by "backward students" from the point of view of school education, in order to explain the influence of school education on the formation of "backward students", and expects to make the "underachievers" develop by changing school education. This paper is carried out from five parts: the first part is the introduction, which discusses the origin and significance of the study, combs the existing research from two aspects of the concept, causes and countermeasures of "backward students", puts forward the concept of "backward students" in this paper and divides the "backward students" into three categories, and then summarizes the characteristics of the existing research and the foothold of this study. The selection of the research object and the application of the research method are also explained. In the second part, the researchers use observation method, interview method, physical collection and other methods to describe the life status of "backward students" in and out of the classroom, so as to show their real situation in school, so as to lay a foundation for the analysis of the formation of "backward students" in school education. The third part discusses the influence of school education on the formation of "backward students" from four aspects: the planning of school classes, the arrangement of school curricula, the education and teaching of teachers and the communication between students, and then expresses that "backward students" are actually artificially divided by others, but in fact, students should not be classified, let alone give up the education of a certain part of students. Education should respect the differences of students and promote the development of each student. The fourth part analyzes that "backward students" is not passively accepting their classification, and puts forward three ways of "backward students" false intention, public resistance and numb and silent struggle, in order to help educators explain some seemingly incomprehensible behaviors of "backward students" in educational practice. The fifth part gives the strategy of transformation according to the analysis of the causes of the formation of backward students in school education. The correct educational thought of the school is the focus of the transformation work, the establishment of the evaluation system to promote the development of human beings is the catalyst to realize the transformation work, the optimization of classroom teaching is the effective way to realize the transformation, the establishment of a good teacher-student relationship, and the relationship between students and students is the key to the realization of the transformation work. In a word, the phenomenon of "backward students" appears under the influence of inappropriate school education, and it is the result that students are artificially classified in the process of receiving education in school. Therefore, some methods are taken to change school education, so that educators can treat every student equally, recognize differences, respect differences and develop differences, so that "backward students" can achieve better development.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G635.5

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