高中古诗文教学“少教多学”的策略研究

发布时间：2019-07-10 12:59

【摘要】：21世纪,我们走进了一个追求速度与效率的时代。在严峻的形势下,语文教学发展还是步履艰难。2012年,广西进入新课程改革后,许多语文教师还是“穿着旧鞋走新路”,在课堂上仍旧采用“满堂灌”的方法,教学效果不尽人意。这种不尽人意在高中古诗文教学中表现得尤其明显。古诗文是我国文化传统的重要组成部分,是我国智慧和情感的结晶,是我国人民共同的精神家园。经过两三千年的历史演变,古诗文形成了语言精美、行文简练、艰涩难懂等特点。学习占诗文对高中学生具有重大的意义,可以提高文学鉴赏能力,提高现代文的写作水平,还可以使学生不断充实精神生活,完善自我人格,提升人生境界,逐步加深对个人与国家、个人与社会、个人与自然关系的思考和认识。纵观各个高中,古诗文的教学现状还是不容乐观,具体表现为时间上、内容上、方法上的“多教少学”,学习效果也不好。要改变这样的教学现状,唯有在古诗文教学运用“少教多学”的策略。“少教多学”是一个古老而又新鲜的理念。说古老,是因为国外和国内的古代都已经有类似的观点。最先提出“少教多学”的是夸美纽斯,但孔子的“举一反三”、“温故知新”等理念和“少教多学”的思想具有一致性。说新鲜,是因为直到近年,随着对新加坡教育改革的评介深入,“少教多学”这个概念才逐渐引起我们的关注。国内外的相关学术研究普遍认为“少教多学”对新课改的指导意义是重大的,也认为它的实施前景是乐观的。但是,如何将“少教多学”理念和中国的具体教育情况进行结合,仍然有待于我们对理论和实践进行双向的不断的探讨,用理论指导实践,在实践中进一步对理论进行修改完善。在对“少教多学”理念的研究和高中古诗文教学的实践背景下,笔者遵循“是什么——为什么——怎么做”的研究思路来对高中古诗文教学“少教多学”的策略进行了一些概括和总结。论文的引言主要说明研究的缘起,概括国内外“少教多学”理念的研究现状,并分析本文研究的重点难点、主要创新、研究方法等,并对相关概念进行界定。论文的第一部分主要说明高中语文古诗文的特点,指出高中学生学习古诗文的重大意义,并分析古诗文在高中语文课本、高考、新课标的地位和要求。论文的第二部分主要分析当下高中古诗文教学在时间上、内容上、方法上“多教少学”的教学现状,并分析古诗文学习的效果。论文的第三部分主要从教师的角度概括出“转变‘多教’思想观念,‘多学’专业知识和教学理论”、“精心设计古诗文教学,设计体现时代特点”、“讲解生动形象,创设民主、活泼的课堂氛围”、“多样的古诗文教学组织形式”、“多角度的评价方式”五种“少教”的策略。论文的第四部分主要从学生的角度概括出“通过激发学生的学习兴趣来实现‘多学’”、“注重培养学生的学习感悟和理解能力,养成良好习惯”、“角色互换,让学生走上讲台,让学生当出题者”、“以课文为本,让学生精彩演戏”、“专题学习,让学生把握规律”、“举行读书分享会,让学生课外自读多学”六种“多学”的策略。论文的第五部分主要对教学案例《雨霖铃》中运用“少教多学”的策略进行分析概括。通过本论文研究,我们发现“少教多学”理念指导下的策略在高中古诗文教学中是可行的,而且具备一定的优势。在古诗文教学中的运用“少教多学”的策略,有助于减轻学生的课业负担,有助于提高学生的学习效率,促进师生和谐发展,最终达到课堂教学效率的最大化。“少教多学”理念在教学实践中也面临着不少的困境。但我们应该有足够的勇气,用“少教多学”的理念,引起语文教育的变革,从而带动教育的变革,实现“少教多学”的理想境界。
[Abstract]:In the twenty-first century, we entered a time of speed and efficiency. In the severe situation, the development of Chinese teaching is still difficult. In 2012, after the reform of the new curriculum in Guangxi, many Chinese teachers or "to walk a new way in old shoes", still adopting the "full-scale irrigation" method in the class, the teaching effect is not satisfactory. This unsatisfactory performance is particularly evident in the teaching of ancient poetry in high school. The ancient poetry is an important part of our cultural tradition, and it is the crystal of our country's wisdom and emotion. It is the spiritual home of our people. After two and three thousand years of historical evolution, the ancient poetry has formed the characteristics of exquisite language, concise writing, difficult and hard-to-understand and so on. The study of the poetry is of great significance to the high school students, can improve the literary appreciation ability, improve the writing level of the modern text, also enable the students to enrich the spiritual life, improve the self-personality, improve the life state, and gradually deepen the individual and the country, the individual and the society, The thinking and understanding of the relationship between the individual and nature. Throughout the high school, the teaching status of ancient poetry is still not optimistic, which is manifested in the time, content, the "multi-teaching and less learning" on the method, and the learning effect is not good. In order to change the current situation of teaching, only in the course of ancient poetry teaching, the "to learn more and learn more" 's strategy should be applied. The "to learn more and learn more" is an old and fresh idea. It is old, because there are similar views in both the foreign and the country. The first to put forward the "multi-study" is the praise of the United States, but Confucius's idea of "one-to-three", "the new idea of" the new idea "and the" multi-study "have the consistency. It's fresh, because, in recent years, as the evaluation of Singapore's education reform is in-depth, the concept of "to learn more and learn more" has gradually attracted our attention. The relevant academic research at home and abroad is generally considered to be of great significance to the reform of the new curriculum, and it is also considered that its implementation prospects are optimistic. However, how to combine the "to learn more and learn more" concept with the specific education situation in China still needs us to make a two-way and continuous discussion on the theory and practice, and to further improve the theory in practice. In the background of the study of the "to learn more and learn more" idea and the practice of the high school ancient poetry teaching, the author follows the "What is it? Why?" 's research thinking to summarize and summarize the strategy of the teaching "to learn more and learn more" of the ancient poetry in high school. The introduction of the paper mainly explains the origin of the research, summarizes the present situation of the research on the "to learn more and learn more" concept at home and abroad, and analyzes the key difficulties, the main innovations, the research methods and so on in this paper, and defines the related concepts. The first part of the paper mainly explains the characteristics of the high school Chinese ancient poetry, and points out the great significance of the high school students to study the ancient poetry, and analyzes the status and requirements of the ancient poetry in the Chinese textbooks, the college entrance examination and the new curriculum standard in high school. The second part of the paper mainly analyzes the current teaching situation of the "multi-teaching and less learning" in the time, the content and the method of the present teaching of the ancient poetry in high school, and analyzes the effect of the study of the ancient poetry. The third part of the paper summarizes the five "minority teaching" of "The transformation of the "multi-education" concept, the "multi-learning" professional knowledge and the teaching theory", "The design of the teaching of the ancient poetry and the design of the characteristics of the times", "Explain the vivid image, create a democratic and lively classroom atmosphere", "The form of various ancient poetry teaching organizations" and "Multi-angle evaluation mode" from the teacher's perspective. The fourth part of the thesis is to sum up the "Learn more by stimulating students' interest in learning", "Pay attention to the cultivation of the students' learning and understanding, and form a good habit", "The exchange of characters, let the students go to the platform, let the students be the subject", "This is the text-based, and let the students act in a good way.", "The study of the subject, let the students grasp the law" and "To hold a reading-and-sharing session, so that the students can read and learn more after-class" of six kinds of "polylogy". The fifth part of the thesis mainly analyses the strategy of applying the "to learn more and learn more" in the teaching case. Through the research of this thesis, we find that the strategy under the guidance of the concept of "little teaching and learning" is feasible in the teaching of ancient poetry in high school, and has certain advantages. The application of the "to learn more and learn more" 's strategy in the teaching of the ancient poetry helps to reduce the burden of the students' class, help to improve the students' learning efficiency, promote the harmonious development of the teachers and students, and finally achieve the maximization of the classroom teaching efficiency. The "to learn more and learn more" idea also faces many difficulties in the teaching practice. But we should have the courage to use the idea of the "to learn more and learn more" to cause the change of the Chinese education, so as to drive the change of education and realize the ideal state of the "to learn more and learn more".
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G633.3

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