山东省特教学校残疾学生体育参与现状与对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 16:53

本文选题：山东省 + 残疾人　；参考：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文通过问卷调查法、数理统计法、实地访谈法、文献资料法等方法，以心理学、社会学、体育学、残疾人理论为基础，从山东东、中、西部随机抽取10所特教学校，以特教学生、体育教师和学校领导为主要研究切入点，通过对各特教学校的实际情况进行统计了解，得出一系列结论，以期得到相应的改革措施，为政府、学校做决策提供必要的实际基础和理论依据。通过研究表明山东省教特教学校体育发展有积极方面：山东省特教学校师队伍年富力比较强，教学能力比较强；教师在专业化程度方面比其他省市要强一些；特教学校体育教师待遇比其他学校要高；学生对体育课及体育教师的喜爱程度都很高，家长也很支持学生参加体育课程；学校体育设施虽然还是不够全，但较前几年相比已经有很大程度的增加；学校信息化设备配备相对比较全，学校领导对体育课程比较重视。但同时在体育课程发展中存在的问题：体育课程的安排依据不足，体育课程制定与体育教学进行过程中没有适合特教学生的教学大纲和教材；体育课程内容安排不够合理，在山东省特教学校体育课程内容设计与选取方面，没有充分考虑特教学生的实际特点而进行适应他们的因材施教，康复性运动项目和针对各残疾类型的学生教学项目应用不够多，适合特教学生的残奥项目和特奥项目也没有足够的推广和应用；体育师资不足，在体育教师数量和专业化方面都存有问题，在我国，对特殊教育的教学理想模式应该是一对一教学，这样才能满足特教学生的个性化发展需要，而实际教学中，一名教师要面对十多名各有不同特点的学生，因此势必导致教学质量的下降；在体育教师的专业化方面，由于我国的特教体育专业人才培养机制不够完善，，毕业于特教体育专业的教师所以相对较少，在实际中，一般由特教专业背景教师担任体育课，并且没有进行足够的培训，所以教师的水平很难获得上升；特教学校体育场地设施、器材配备不足，山东省大多数学校体育场地资源配备不够充足，尤其是位于市区的老学校，场地很小，器材设施、现代化教学设备配备也不够完善，远远达不到国家对特教学校规定的：培智学校41种、盲校33种、聋校29种的要求标准，直接限制了体育课程内容教学的开展。特教学校学生体育行为、意识不够强。调查显示特教学校学生参与体育的时间比较少，每星期基本在两节课以下，而普通正常学生现在一般是每周至少三节课，尤其是对特教学生来说，他们更需要上体育课。特教学生对体育功能的认识比较浅，参与体育的目的和动机不够集中，对体育的功能恢复、掌握锻炼方法、增进友谊等方面的认识远远不够。政府、学校领导对特教学生体育的重视不够。根据现状提出了几条建议：着力强化政府职能。各级教育行政部门，特殊学校体育教育工作是以学校为重点。应以改革创新的精神推进体育教育制度建设，建立有利于加强学校体育工作、促进特殊学校学生健康全面发展的政策体系和体制制度。强化政府职能，不断完善特殊学校体育工作的创新机制，真正发挥好政府的服务职能。尽快促成针对特教学校的新版《体育与健康课程标准》出版，为各个学校的体育教学工作提供依据和指南；尽快出版与新标准配套的教材和大纲，为体育课程内容的制定提供资料。加强特教学校体育教师的培训力度及与各个学校之间的学习交流，取长补短，通过观摩学习，优秀教师多分享自身经验，带动他人共同为更好的完成特教学校的体育教学工作而充实自己。加快山东众高校开设特教专业。由于特教学生的情况比较复杂，必须有专业的既懂体育有了解特教学生的教师才能胜任，根据国家要求，目前山东省各特教学校体育教师严重缺乏，因此，迫切需要尽快培养出更多的复合型人才。充分利用“冠军”优势。组织现有残疾人冠军到各个学校巡回表演、指导交流，以榜样的力量激励残疾学生自强不息；尽可能多的举办各种比赛，让每个人通过比赛，获得胜利来增强自信，消除自卑。配备更多的场地设施和器材。虽然很多学校没有多余的建设用地来扩大体育活动场地，但也可以充分利用现有场地进行结合性使用，如篮球场可复合排球场、羽毛球场等；很多学校需要补充很多体育设施和器材，虽然不可能直接达到国家的标准要求，但必须随着体育的发展购进必要的设施；同时发动教师与学生一起动手动脑，自己制作简易实用的体育器材。总之，近几年，山东省特教学校体育发展虽然有一定程度的提高，但相对于国家标准还是不足，我们应该更加重视残疾人特殊教育，给每一个人创造平等、和谐的教育环境。
[Abstract]:Based on the methods of questionnaire investigation , mathematical statistics , field interview , literature and literature , this paper , based on psychology , sociology , physical education and disability theory , randomly extracts 10 special schools from the east , middle and western regions of Shandong Province . Through statistics and understanding of the actual situation of each special teaching school , a series of conclusions are drawn , with a view to getting the corresponding reform measures , providing the necessary practical foundation and theoretical basis for the government and school making decision .

The research shows that there are positive aspects in the development of teaching in Shandong province .
Teachers are more specialized than other provinces and cities ;
The treatment of PE teachers in special education schools is higher than that of other schools ;
The students ' affection to PE and PE teachers is high , and parents also support students to take part in sports courses .
Although the physical facilities of the school are still insufficient , there has been a great increase over the previous years ;
At the same time , there are some problems in the development of physical education curriculum : the arrangement of sports curriculum is insufficient , the development of sports curriculum and the teaching of physical education are not suitable for the teaching outline and teaching material of special teaching students ;
The content arrangement of PE course is not reasonable , and in the aspect of design and selection of PE course content in special education school in Shandong province , the practical characteristics of special teaching students are not fully taken into consideration , the application of rehabilitation sports programs and students ' teaching projects aiming at different types of disabilities is not enough , and the Paralympic project and TAustrian project which are suitable for special teaching students have not enough popularization and application ;
There are some problems in the quantity and specialization of physical education teachers . In our country , the ideal mode of teaching for special education should be one - to - one teaching so that the individual development needs of special teaching students can be met . In practice , a teacher should face more than ten students with different characteristics , so that the teaching quality is reduced ;
In the professional aspects of physical education teachers , because the training mechanism of specialized sports professionals in our country is not perfect , the teachers who graduated from the specialty of special education are relatively few . In practice , it is difficult for teachers to get an increase in teachers ' level .
There are insufficient facilities and equipment in special education schools , and the resources of sports facilities in most schools in Shandong province are not enough , especially in the old schools in the urban areas , the site is very small , the equipment facilities and modern teaching equipment are not perfect . The students of the special teaching school are usually at least three classes a week .

According to the present situation , several suggestions are put forward : to strengthen the government function , the education administrative department at all levels , the special school physical education work is the focus of the school .
As soon as possible , the teaching materials and outline matched with the new standard are published as soon as possible , so as to provide information for the development of the content of the sports curriculum .
There are as many competitions as possible to enhance self - confidence and self - esteem through competition , victory , and self - esteem . Although many schools do not have redundant construction sites to expand sports venues , they can also make full use of existing sites for joint use , such as basketball courts , composite volleyball courts , badminton courts , etc .
Many schools need to supplement many sports facilities and equipment , although it is impossible to reach the national standard directly , but must purchase the necessary facilities with the development of sports ;
At the same time , the teachers and students start to move the brain , and make simple and practical sports equipment .

In short , in recent years , the development of special education schools in Shandong province has some degree of improvement , but relative to the national standard or insufficient , we should pay more attention to the special education of persons with disabilities , to create an equal and harmonious education environment for everyone .

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G760;G633.96

【参考文献】