西南民族地区中小学生科学态度及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 22:20

  本文选题：科学态度 + 影响因素　； 参考：《西南大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：现实中存在此矛盾:一方面,科学技术在社会发展中的作用力越来越大;另一方面,民族地区的科技人才紧缺、民众科学素养低下、传统科技消亡越来越凸显。此矛盾还体现在民族地区中小学的科学教育中,体现在民族地区中小学生的科学态度上,使得民族地区中小学生的科学态度受到关注。而已有研究对民族地区中小学生科学态度特点及形成机理的探究尚不够深入。因此,对民族地区中小学生科学态度及其影响因素的研究具有一定的意义。围绕民族地区中小学生科学态度的主题,本研究开展了三方面的研究工作:研究一,通过调查法了解西南民族地区中小学生科学态度的状况。梳理归纳已有的研究成果,提出科学态度应包括“对科学的态度”及“科学的态度”。前者指对“科学”这一对象的态度,后者指对某对象形成态度过程的科学性,两者共含16个维度。依照此维度,运用李克特5级量表法编制量表,经过初测、矫正和修订,得到信效度符合要求的西南民族地区中小学生科学态度测量问卷。采用分层抽样的方法在西南民族地区7个市(州)抽取中小学生样本,得到3920个有效样本。使用SPSS17.0统计软件对数据进行统计与分析,得出以下结论:(1)西南民族地区中小学生科学态度总体得分为3.51分(设定最高分为5分,最低分为1分);(2)西南民族地区少数民族学生与汉族学生之间、少数民族聚集地学生与汉族地区学生之间的科学态度总体表现无显著差异;但少数民族学生在“对科学议题的情感”、“从事科学事业的倾向”、“质疑的习惯”、“客观”、“不迷信权威”维度上的表现优于汉族学生,少数民族聚集地学生在“对科学议题的情感”、“客观”维度上的表现优于汉族地区学生;(3)西南民族地区小学生与中学生的科学态度有显著差异,而初中生与高中生之间无显著差异;学生在“对科学知识的认知”、“对科学价值的认知”维度上的表现随着学习阶段的晋升而提高,但在“对科学议题的情感”、“对科学家的情感”、“对科学教学的情感”、“从事科学事业的倾向”维度上的表现却随着学习阶段的晋升而降低。研究二,通过调查法与结构方程模型分析法探究西南民族地区中小学生科学态度的影响因素及各影响因素作用力的大小、方向与路径。采用文献梳理、问卷调查、田野调查相结合的方法提取西南民族地区中小学生科学态度的影响因素,并结合科学态度测量量表,形成西南民族地区中小学生科学态度及其影响因素调查问卷。在西南民族地区抽取3920个有效样本进行调查,运用结构方程模型分析工具AMOS17.0对收集的数据进行处理,构建了西南民族地区中小学生科学态度影响因素的结构方程模型,并得出结论:(1)“人文环境”与“学校教育”是相互关联的初级自变量,二者直接影响着科学态度;“对科学的态度”还直接影响着“科学的态度”;(2)“人文环境”对“科学的态度”有正向大效果的作用,但对“对科学的态度”却有负向小效果的作用;(3)“学校教育”对“对科学的态度”有正向大效果的作用,但对“科学的态度”却有负向小效果的作用;(4)少数民族学生群体中的科学态度具有更强的不稳定性,少数民族学生对“人文环境”与“学校教育”因素的反应比汉族学生的反应更强烈;(5)相比于“人文环境”,“学校教育”因素在中小学生科学态度的发展中具有更强的主动性。研究三,在研究一与研究二的基础上,结合民族地区独特环境的分析,提出民族地区科学教育的发展路向。调查研究的结果表明,西南民族地区中小学生科学教育在提升学生“科学的态度”的同时,却降低了学生“对科学的态度”,而中小学生科学态度受“人文环境”与“学校教育”的共同作用。故在具有独特人文环境的民族地区,科学教育应从教育“人”性的回归和科学“文化”性的回归开始,关注民族地区学生的文化背景,主动融入当地的环境。具体而言:在培养目标上,走“本土化”的道路,在完成国家规定课程目标的基础上,要体现本地区与本民族的现实要求;在课程与教学上,走“多元化”的道路,在课程内容的设置、教师文化素养、教学策略的选择上,避免统一的标准和要求,要与自身的自然和人文环境相协调。本研究在西南民族地区调查的基础上,探讨西南民族地区中小学生科学态度及其影响因素,提出民族地区的科学教育应树立关注教育之“人”性与科学之“文化”性的理念。此理念为处理民族地区现代科学技术与传统民族文化关系的问题提供了思路,也为发展民族地区教育提供了方向。但科学态度的形成与发展是一个诸多因素共同影响的复杂过程,本研究的测评工具尚有不足、比较样本还不够、所构建的模型及结论也需要更多的理论修正和实践检验。现代科学技术与民族传统文化在学校教育以及民族地区学生“脑子”中的冲突与融合问题值得进一步研究和探讨。
[Abstract]:In reality, there are such contradictions: on the one hand, the force of science and technology in social development is becoming more and more powerful; on the other hand, the shortage of scientific and technological talents in ethnic areas, the low scientific literacy of the people and the extinction of traditional science and technology are becoming more and more prominent. In the attitude, the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students in ethnic areas is concerned. The research on the scientific attitude and formation mechanism of primary and middle school students in ethnic areas is not deep enough. Therefore, the research on the scientific attitude and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in ethnic areas is of certain significance. Three aspects of the research work are carried out in this study. First, through the investigation, the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students in the southwest ethnic regions is understood. The existing research results are summarized and the scientific attitude should include "the attitude towards science" and "the degree of science". The former refers to the attitude of "science". The latter refers to the scientific nature of the process of forming an attitude towards a certain object, and there are 16 dimensions in the two. According to this dimension, the Li Ke special 5 scale scale is used to compile the scale, after the initial survey, correction and revision, the scientific attitude survey of the primary and middle school students in the southwest ethnic region is obtained. The method of stratified sampling is 7 in the southwest ethnic region. The city (state) sampled the sample of primary and middle school students and got 3920 effective samples. Using the SPSS17.0 statistical software to make statistics and analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: (1) the overall score of the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students in the southwest minority areas was 3.51 (the highest score was 5, the lowest was 1), and (2) the minority nationality students in the southwest minority areas and the Han students. There is no significant difference in scientific attitude between the students of ethnic minorities and the students in the Han region. However, the minority students are better than the Han students and ethnic minorities in the "emotion of scientific issues", "the tendency to engage in science", "the habit of questioning", "objectivity" and "the power of no superstition". The students in the gathering place are better than the Han students in the "emotion to science issues" and "objective" dimensions. (3) there is a significant difference in the scientific attitude between the pupils and the middle school students in the southwest minority areas, but there is no significant difference between the junior high school students and the high school students; the students' cognition of the knowledge of science and the cognition of the scientific value is the dimension of the students. The performance increases with the promotion of the learning stage, but the expression on "the emotion of scientific issues", "the emotion for scientists", "the emotion of science teaching", "the tendency to engage in science" is reduced with the promotion of the learning stage. Study two, through investigation and structural equation model analysis The influence factors of the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students in the southwest minority areas and the size, direction and path of the influence factors, the influence factors of the scientific attitude of the primary and middle school students in the southwest ethnic areas are extracted by the methods of literature review, questionnaire investigation and field investigation, and the scientific attitude measurement scale is combined to form the southwest ethnic region. The questionnaire of primary school students' scientific attitude and its influencing factors. In the southwest ethnic region, 3920 effective samples were sampled, and the data collected by the structural equation model analysis tool AMOS17.0 were processed, and the structural equation model of the influencing factors of the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students in the southwest ethnic areas was constructed, and the conclusions were as follows: (1) "humanity" The "environment" and "school education" are interrelated primary independent variables, the two directly affect the scientific attitude; "the attitude towards science" also directly affects the "scientific attitude"; (2) the "humanistic environment" has a positive effect on the "scientific attitude", but has a negative effect on the "attitude towards science"; (3) "School education" has a positive effect on the "attitude towards science", but it has a negative effect on the "scientific attitude"; (4) the scientific attitude of the minority students is more unstable, and the minority students respond to the "humanistic environment" and "school education" factors than the Han Students. The response is more intense; (5) compared to the "humanistic environment", the "school education" factor has a stronger initiative in the development of the scientific attitude of the primary and middle school students. Study three, on the basis of the study one and the study two, and the analysis of the unique environment of the ethnic regions, the development direction of science education in ethnic regions is put forward. The science education of primary and middle school students in the southern minority areas, while promoting the students' "scientific attitude", has reduced the students' attitude to science, and the scientific attitude of primary and middle school students is influenced by the "humanistic environment" and "school education". Therefore, the education of Science should be "human" in the people's region with unique humanistic environment. The return and scientific "culture" return to the beginning, pay attention to the cultural background of the students in ethnic areas and actively integrate into the local environment. On the basis of the setting of curriculum content, teachers' cultural accomplishment and the selection of teaching strategies, the road of "Yuan Chemical" should avoid unified standards and requirements, and coordinate with their own natural and humanistic environment. On the basis of the investigation of southwest ethnic areas, this study explores the scientific attitude and influencing factors of primary school students in the southwest ethnic areas, and puts forward the ethnic areas. The concept of "human" and "culture" of education should be set up in scientific education. This idea provides a way of thinking for dealing with the relationship between modern science and technology and traditional ethnic culture in ethnic areas, and also provides a direction for the development of education in ethnic areas. The evaluation tools of this study are still inadequate, and the comparative samples are not enough. The models and conclusions that are constructed also need more theoretical correction and practical test. The conflict and integration of modern science and technology and national traditional culture in school education and the "brain" of students in ethnic areas should be further studied and discussed.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G752
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本文编号：1807935