苏联建国初期维果茨基障碍儿童教育论研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 11:18

本文选题：苏联教育史 + 维果茨基研究　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：维果茨基是20世纪初苏联最具影响力的心理学家之一,文化历史学派的创始人。他的教育思想与独特的研究方法是教育学领域十分重要的理论遗产,对现代教育依然有着重要的理论价值,苏联与欧美出现的“维果茨基复兴”现象就是力证。但一般来说,维果茨基的最近发展区、文化历史理论等是常常被人提及的教育理论,而关于障碍儿童教育的研究却鲜有人进行过研究。本文意图通过对历史资料的发掘与文本的解读,剖析苏联教育历史中维果茨基障碍儿童教育论的研究过程与基本内容。首先,本文分析了苏联建国初期的障碍儿童教育状况与维果茨基在这一领域中工作历程。苏联建国初期,国家尚未安定,出现了一系列社会问题,流浪儿童、教育困难儿童等儿童群体成为威胁社会的不安定因素之一,也是教育面临的新问题。维果茨基临危受命,进入莫斯科大学心理研究所与分管障碍儿童教育的教育行政部门,开始了他障碍儿童教育的研究。在吸取了阿德勒、巴普洛夫等人的理论之基础上,批判了单纯从生物性立场出发的观点,从文化历史与社会环境的角度出发,进行了障碍儿童教育问题的卓有成效的探求。其次,本文梳理了维果茨基障碍儿童教育论的形成及主要理论成果。以苏联建国初期的障碍儿童教育历史为背景,分析维果茨基的障碍儿童教育研究历程,整理出基于补偿功能、儿童文化性发展、能力与人格论等理论视角,解析了其障碍儿童教育论的基本特征。在20世纪初苏联的特定历史条件下,维果茨基创造性地探究了儿童障碍问题的本质,得出社会与文化因素是影响障碍儿童发展的关键的论断,推动了教育为改善障碍儿童问题作出更多有益贡献。最后,本文分析了维果茨基关于障碍儿童教育的思想是与现代先进的人本主义的障碍儿童教育理论的关系。发掘维果茨基的研究成果遗产,分析其障碍儿童教育论在生物学观点与社会作用观点上的立场、诊断治疗上注重过程的立场、以及指向“全纳”思想的探究,从而明确了维果茨基教育理论研究在现代的价值。
[Abstract]:Vygotsky was one of the most influential psychologists in the Soviet Union in the early 20 th century and the founder of the school of culture and history. His educational thought and unique research method are very important theoretical heritage in the field of pedagogy, and still have important theoretical value to modern education. The phenomenon of "Vygotsky revival" in Soviet Union and Europe and America is evidence. But generally speaking, Vygotsky's recent development area, cultural history theory and so on are often mentioned educational theories, but there are few researches on the education of handicapped children. This paper intends to analyze the research process and basic content of the theory of education of Vygotsky obstacle children in the history of Soviet Union through the excavation of historical materials and the interpretation of the text. First of all, this paper analyzes the education of handicapped children in the early years of the Soviet Union and Vygotsky's work in this field. At the beginning of the founding of the Soviet Union, the country was not stable, and a series of social problems appeared. Children such as street children and children with educational difficulties became one of the unstable factors threatening the society, and they were also the new problems facing education. Vygotsky was ordered to enter the Institute of Psychology of Moscow University and the educational administration department in charge of the education of children with disabilities, and began his research on the education of children with disabilities. On the basis of absorbing the theories of Adler and Pavlov, this paper criticizes the viewpoint of purely biological standpoint, and proceeds from the angle of culture, history and social environment, and makes a fruitful exploration of the educational problems of handicapped children. Secondly, this paper combs the formation and main theoretical achievements of the theory of education of children with Vygotsky disorder. Based on the history of the education of children with obstacles in the early years of the Soviet Union, this paper analyzes the course of research on the education of children with disabilities in Vygotsky, and collates the theoretical perspectives based on the function of compensation, the development of children's culture, the theory of ability and personality, and so on. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of the educational theory of the handicapped children. Under the specific historical conditions of the Soviet Union at the beginning of the 20th century, Vygotsky creatively explored the nature of the problem of children's handicaps, and came to the conclusion that social and cultural factors were the key factors affecting the development of handicapped children. Promote education to improve the problem of children with disabilities to make more useful contributions. Finally, this paper analyzes the relationship between Vygotsky's thoughts on the education of handicapped children and the modern and advanced humanistic theory of education of handicapped children. To explore the heritage of Vygotsky's research achievements, to analyze the position of his educational theory on children with disabilities on the viewpoint of biology and social role, to emphasize the process of diagnosis and treatment, and to probe into the idea of "inclusive". Thus, the value of Vygotsky's educational theory research in modern times is clarified.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G760

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