预设否定副词“白”和“瞎”的比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 04:02

本文选题：白 + 瞎　；参考：《北京语言大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 语言的主观性研究表明语言具有非命题性特征的一面,它是说话人的认知、意图、立场、态度和情感等在言语中表现出来的自我印记。本文通过现代汉语副词“白”与“瞎”的考察和比较,探究二者意义的联系和区别,尤其是主观性上的差异。在句法结构的层面,比较两个副词分布和搭配对象的差异。通过对搭配动词的静态分类,发现“白+V”结构与“瞎+V”结构在谓语动词上存在[+动作性]和[+言说性]的特征对立。即使与同一动词搭配,“白V”与“瞎V”的表义重点也各有侧重。在句法成分上,二者又存在[+复杂性]和[+简单性]的特征对立。通过回溯推理,我们得到“白”和“瞎”功能特点的差异。二者的差异还体现在其主观性上。通过对事物突显阶段的揭示,我们鉴别出使用“白”和“瞎”时说话人视角的不同,同时指出视角不同是主观性差异的根本所在,又选用否定词揭示“瞎”如何表达说话人情感,还证明了“瞎”通过与能愿动词共现来表达说话人的认识。最后联系具体的上下文语境,得出“瞎”的主观性高于“白”的结论。通过句类分布的考察,我们以具体的语料及统计数据论证了“白”的“无效果”意义,“瞎”的“无明确目标”意义以及“瞎”的“无根据”意义,体现出主观性由弱到强的倾向。本文认为,主观性较强的表达方式属于第二语言习得的难点。联系预设及主观性理论解释副词的意义和用法不失为行之有效的方法。本文的研究表明,可以从功能语言学和主观性理论的角度对其进行微观研究,发掘其语义内涵,由此来解释相关的句法特征和语用表现,从而为对外汉语教学提供相应的理论启示和实证支撑。
[Abstract]:The subjective study of language shows that language has a non-propositional feature, which is the self-imprint of the speaker's cognition, intention, position, attitude and emotion in the speech.Based on the investigation and comparison of the adverbs "Bai" and "blind" in modern Chinese, this paper probes into the connection and difference of their meanings, especially the difference in subjectivity.At the level of syntactic structure, the differences between the distribution of two adverbs and collocation objects are compared.Through the static classification of collocation verbs, it is found that the "white V" structure and the "blind V" structure have the characteristics of "action" and "speech" on the predicate verbs.Even with the same verb, White V and Blind V have their own emphases.In syntactic composition, there is the feature opposites of complexity and simplicity.By retrospective reasoning, we get the difference between white and blind.The difference between the two is also reflected in their subjectivity.By revealing the prominent stage of things, we distinguish the different perspectives of the speaker when using "white" and "blind", and point out that different perspectives are the root of the subjective difference.The negative words are also used to reveal how "blind" expresses the speaker's emotion, and it also proves that "blind" expresses the speaker's understanding by co-appearing with the votive verb.Finally, according to the specific context, the conclusion that "blind" is more subjective than "white".Through the investigation of sentence category distribution, we demonstrate the meaning of "no effect" of "white", "no clear goal" of "blind" and "baseless" meaning of "blind" with concrete corpus and statistical data.It reflects the tendency of subjectivity from weak to strong.This paper argues that subjective expression is a difficulty in second language acquisition.Connecting presupposition and subjectivity theory to explain the meaning and usage of adverbs is an effective method.The present study shows that it can be studied microscopically from the perspective of functional linguistics and subjective theory, and its semantic connotation can be explored to explain the relevant syntactic features and pragmatic expressions.Thus provides the corresponding theoretical enlightenment and empirical support for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146

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