语气副词“其实”的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 08:13

本文选题：其实 + 否定　；参考：《吉林大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“其实”是现代汉语中使用频率较高的一个语气副词,在HSK大纲中属于丙级词汇,笔者考察了关于“其实”的研究后发现,研究的广度和深度与“其实”的使用频率和广泛的用途不相称。在搜索了HSK动态作文语料库中关于“其实”的语篇后发现,存在多余、缺失和错用“其实”的情况,且存在回避现象,另外有些包含“其实”的句子在语法层面上没有错误,但是根据上下文或文章主旨及作者意图后发现存在表达错误。这些都说明对“其实”的语法层面研究还不够深入到位,对与“其实”语义相近、用法存在共同点的词或句式没有进行详细的分析区别,对“其实”的必现和隐现、“其实”要求的预设和语境研究还没有很透彻。我们又考查了目前通用较有影响的对外汉语教材,发现对“其实”的注释简单且易产生理解偏差,说明存在教材编写不合理,教师教授不到位,教学设计不够有效等问题。本文从留学生的偏误句入手,分析偏误可能存在的原因,在专家学者关于“其实”的研究成果基础上,通过对我们整理的当代北方著名作家近171万多字的作品中析出的123条语料的分析,较为详细深入地解析了“其实”的语义:“其实”是在全部否定或部分否定一个已知信息的基础上对新信息的肯定,肯定的信息都是“其实”所在句出现的新信息(新信息不在本文研究范围内)。当“其实”在文中出现的时候,就标志着有信息被否定或者部分否定。否定的信息可以是上下文中出现需要否定的显性信息,也可以是否定隐性信息(这个隐形信息可能是对话双方的共识,也可能是说话人的推断:推断听话人会存在的想法或猜测疑惑等,也可能是说话人为了使话题进行下去而预设的一个与“其实”所在句信息相左的信息)。又在篇章中考察包含“其实”的语料得出“其实”的语用包括否定评价功能、断言功能、话轮更替功能和舒缓语气功能。我们又对与“其实”易产生混淆的词汇和句式进行了区分,再结合留学生偏误中较难分析的例子,得出“其实”要求的预设和语境,研究了“其实”的必现和隐现以及与其他词的同现。最后进行了简单的教学设计,并小规模进行了教学实验。
[Abstract]:"Shi" is a high frequency mood adverb in modern Chinese, which belongs to "C" in the HSK syllabus. The breadth and depth of the study are not commensurate with the frequency of use and the wide range of uses. After searching for the "truth" in the HSK dynamic composition corpus, it is found that there are superfluous, missing and misusing the "truth", and there is avoidance, and there is no grammatical error in some sentences that contain the "truth". However, according to the context or the main purpose of the article and the intention of the author found that there is an expression error. All these show that the grammatical level of "actually" is not sufficiently studied, and there is no detailed analysis and difference between words or sentence patterns which are similar to "actually" and have common usages, and there is no need for "truth" to appear and loom. The presupposition and contextual study of the requirement of "truth" has not been thoroughly studied. We also examine the current popular and more influential teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language, and find that the annotation of "actually" is simple and easy to produce an understanding deviation, indicating that there are some problems such as unreasonable compilation of textbooks, inadequate teaching of teachers and teachers, and insufficient effective teaching design. This paper starts with the errors of foreign students, analyzes the possible causes of errors, and based on the research results of experts and scholars on "actually", Through the analysis of 123 language materials that we have sorted out in the works of nearly 1.71 million words of famous writers in the north of China, The meaning of "actually" is explained in more detail. "actually" is the affirmation of new information on the basis of total negation or partial negation of a known information. The positive information is the new information which appears in the sentence (new information is not within the scope of this study. When "actually" appears in the text, it marks the denial or partial negation of information. Negative information can be the explicit information that needs to be negated in the context, or it can also be the negative implicit information (this hidden message may be the consensus of both sides of the dialogue. It may also be the speaker's inference: to infer that the listener will exist or to guess doubts, etc., or to presuppose a message contrary to the information in the "actually" sentence that the speaker presupposes in order to keep the topic going. The pragmatic functions of "truth" include negative evaluation function, assertive function, turnover function and soothing function. We also distinguish words and sentence patterns that are easily confused with "actually", and combine with examples of foreign students' errors that are more difficult to analyze, and get the presupposition and context of "actually" requirements. The necessity and concealment of "truth" and cooccurrence with other words are studied. Finally, a simple teaching design and small scale teaching experiments are carried out.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H146

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