汉越饮食俗语对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 09:57

【摘要】：俗语是劳动人民的创造,拥有悠久的历史,包含着丰富的文化传统内涵。通过俗语,学者不仅可以了解一个国家、民族的语言表达方式,也能了解一个国家、民族的文化和习俗。汉语和越南语中的俗语也是这样。本文以汉越语中的饮食俗语作为研究对象,综合运用普通语言学、对比语言学、文化语言学、翻译学、语言教学等学科的理论,对其进行多角度、多层面的考察分析和比较研究。全文分为八章：第一章为绪论部分。首先将“饮食俗语”定义为由含有饮食义的语素或词来组成的,并与人们的饮食活动紧密相关的俗语,认为此类俗语中必须含有饮食义的语素或者词,且其整体意义也必须与人们的饮食活动紧密相关。然后依次介绍了汉越饮食俗语的研究现状以及本文研究的理论基础、研究方法等。第二章考察汉越饮食俗语中的饮食词语,将其分为食材类词语、饮食成品类词语、食物味道类词语、饮食器具类词语、烹饪方式类词语、饮食动作类词语等类别,并进行相关数据统计和对比分析。第三章讨论汉越饮食俗语的语言形式,根据俗语的字数形式进行分类和统计,发现越南语饮食俗语中主要以六字和四字俗语为主,而汉语饮食俗语中主要以十字和八字俗语为主。第四章讨论汉越饮食俗语的语音结构,侧重于分析汉越饮食俗语在节奏、平仄和押韵等方面的异同。汉越饮食俗语在语音节奏和音节平仄两方面基本上大同小异,语音特点的差别主要体现在押韵方面。第五章从语法结构的角度,对汉越饮食俗语的单句形式和复句形式进行了对比研究。对比分析结果显示汉越饮食俗语单句形式的差别在于非主谓句的定中式结构,复句形式的差别主要在目的关系类俗语。另外,本章节也对汉越饮食俗语在句子中的语法功能进行分析,认为二者在这方面基本上相同,可单独成句,也可充当句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语等成分。第六章对汉越饮食俗语的形义进行比较,认为除了两国特有的饮食俗语以外,汉越饮食俗语之间还存在同形同义、异形同义和同形异义的俗语。第七章考察汉越饮食俗语所蕴含的社会文化,具体分析了反映在汉越饮食俗语中的社会历史风貌、社会伦理道德和人们的哲学理念。第八章是越南语俗语翻译及汉语俗语教学。在翻译方面,探究越南语俗语译成汉语的翻译方法。首先,探讨影响越南学生翻译俗语的因素：历史背景、地理环境、风俗习惯和宗教信仰。然后,根据俗语翻译的规则讨论直译法、意译法、直译与意译结合的翻译方法在越南语俗语翻译中的应用。俗语的教学方面,主要分析俗语在对外汉语教学中的意义,以及越南学生学习汉语俗语的便利与困难,并建议结合俗语的语义采用适当的教学方法。最后是结论部分,主要总结本文的对比研究结果。本研究希望达到以下两个目标：第一,在理论方面,能够对汉越饮食俗语的各自特点及二者之间的异同点进行较系统的总结和揭示。第二,在实践方面,能够帮助越南汉语学习者更加了解汉语俗语和中国文化,并能够准确地翻译和运用。
[Abstract]:Folklore is the creation of working people with a long history and rich connotation of cultural traditions. Through the proverbs, scholars can not only understand the language expression of a country and a nation, but also understand the culture and customs of a country and a nation. This paper is divided into eight chapters: Chapter One is the introduction. First, the dietary idioms are defined as morphemes or words with dietary meaning. Then it introduces the current research situation of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms and the theoretical basis and research methods of this paper. Chapter three discusses the linguistic forms of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary colloquialisms, including food materials, food products, food tastes, food utensils, cooking methods, and food actions. The fourth chapter discusses the phonetic structure of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms, focusing on analyzing the similarities and differences of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms in rhythm, plain and rhyme. In the fifth chapter, from the perspective of grammatical structure, the author makes a comparative study of the single and complex sentence forms of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms. The results of the comparative analysis show that the differences between the single sentence forms of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms lie in the following aspects:1. In addition, this chapter also analyzes the grammatical functions of the Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms in the sentence, and holds that they are basically the same in this respect, and can be used as either a sentence alone or as the subject, predicate, object, attributive and other elements of the sentence. Chapter 7 examines the social and cultural implications of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary sayings, and concretely analyzes the social and historical features and social ethics reflected in the dietary sayings of the two countries. Chapter Eight deals with the translation of Vietnamese proverbs and the teaching of Chinese proverbs. In the aspect of translation, it explores the methods of translating Vietnamese proverbs into Chinese. Firstly, it explores the factors that affect the translation of Vietnamese proverbs: historical background, geographical environment, customs and religious beliefs. On the application of literal translation, free translation and the combination of literal translation and free translation in the translation of Vietnamese proverbs. In the teaching of Vietnamese proverbs, this paper mainly analyzes the significance of the proverbs in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and the convenience and difficulty of Vietnamese students in learning Chinese proverbs, and suggests that appropriate teaching methods should be adopted in combination with the semantics of the proverbs. This study hopes to achieve the following two goals: first, in theory, it can systematically summarize and reveal the characteristics of Chinese and Vietnamese dietary idioms and the similarities and differences between them. second, in practice, it can help Vietnamese Chinese learners to understand Chinese idioms and more. Chinese culture can be accurately translated and applied.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H44;H136.4

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