图式理论视域下的话题熟悉度和生词量对留学生口语输出的影响

发布时间：2019-04-13 19:53

【摘要】：对外汉语中级口语课是汉语学习者学习汉语的必修课程之一。汉语学习者的口语表达是衡量汉语水平的重要标准,也是衡量其汉语交际能力的重要标准。在汉语学习的中级阶段,学习者所使用教材编写的科学性对汉语学习者今后的汉语学习具有较大的影响。本文立足于中级汉语口语教材的研究,吸收前人研究经验,发现了图式理论在这一领域的研究空缺,因此以“图式理论”为理论基础开展研究。又因在实习期间担任兼职教师,所使用教材为《发展汉语中级口语》,所以本文又以该课本为研究对象,为此次研究的开展提供了具体的对象。图式理论认为已知知识和经验在人脑中以图式方式分门别类地进行长期储存,图式之间层次分明,不仅涵盖已知的知识,还包括知识之间的联系,是一个层级有序的网络系统。图式与图式之间彼此联动,当一图式被使用时,其他关联图式也会被激活,这样,人就更容易理解,也更容易记忆。由此可见,当学生头脑中存在熟悉的知识、生词、话题等将对学生的学习起到积极的作用,反之将起到消极作用。由此,本文以统计的方法计算出该课本的生词量,调查出每篇课文达到生词难度,其次,本文用问卷调查以及访问录音的方式统计出了学生对该课本的话题熟悉度。通过问卷调查掌握了哪些篇目对学生来说较难,哪些较为简单,从接受问卷调查的学生中选出5位学生对指定话题做出语音输出,从时长、流利性、逻辑性等方面对录音进行分析。本文以实验结果为根据,分析该课本的科学性,指出其编写的不合理指出,同时对其科学之处加以彰显。最后,针对其不合理之处,本文从教材的编写体例、生词量的把握、话题的编排等方面给出合理化的建议。
[Abstract]:Intermediate spoken Chinese as a foreign language is one of the compulsory courses for Chinese learners to learn Chinese. The oral expression of Chinese learners is an important criterion to measure the level of Chinese, and it is also an important criterion to measure the communicative competence of Chinese learners. In the intermediate stage of Chinese learning, the scientific nature of the textbooks used by learners has a great influence on Chinese learners' Chinese learning in the future. Based on the study of intermediate spoken Chinese teaching materials, this paper draws on the previous research experience and finds the vacancy of schema theory in this field. Therefore, the research based on schema theory is carried out on the basis of "schema theory". As a part-time teacher during the internship, the teaching material used in this paper is "developing intermediate spoken Chinese", so this paper takes the textbook as the research object and provides a concrete object for the development of this study. Schema theory holds that known knowledge and experience are stored in different ways in the human brain for a long time, and the levels of schema are distinct, including not only the known knowledge, but also the connection between knowledge. It is a hierarchical and orderly network system. Schemata are linked to each other. When a graph is used, other related schemata are activated, which makes it easier to understand and memorize. It can be seen that when students have familiar knowledge, new words, topics and so on will play a positive role in students' learning, vice versa will play a negative role. Therefore, this paper calculates the number of new words in the textbook by statistical method, and investigates the difficulty of each text. Secondly, this paper calculates the students' familiarity with the topic of the textbook by means of questionnaire survey and interview recording. It is difficult and simple for the students to master which items through the questionnaire survey. Five students were selected from the students who received the questionnaire survey to make speech output on the specified topic, from the length of time, fluency, Logic and other aspects of the recording analysis. Based on the experimental results, this paper analyzes the scientific nature of the textbook, points out that it is not reasonable to write, and at the same time shows its science. Finally, in view of its irrationality, this paper gives some reasonable suggestions from the aspects of compiling style of teaching material, grasping the quantity of new words, arranging the topic and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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