达特茅斯学院案与美国高等教育的公私之辨

发布时间：2018-04-04 00:11

本文选题：达特茅斯学院案　切入点：公立　出处：《北京大学教育评论》2016年01期

【摘要】：达特茅斯学院案是美国高等教育史上的重要事件,在该案的意义和影响方面,国内学者几乎一致认为它划分了美国高等教育的公私界限。然而,这个结论却缺乏一定的历史根据。本文通过运用史料和国外研究成果,基于对文献的分析和史实的考察,重新认识关于该案划分公私界限的历史评价。本文认为,该案的关键不在于高等教育的公私性质而是对财产权的保护,案件最后的判决只是对高等教育的公私性质做出了模糊的界定而没有在事实上划分高等教育的公私界限,美国高等教育甚至从一开始就没有清晰的公私性质之分,马歇尔和联邦最高法院关于公私问题的论述已经被很多研究者和大法官所抛弃。公立和私立这种看待美国高等教育的二元维度应该被纠正,美国的学院和大学在很大程度上是多种社会力量共同作用的产物而从未被单一力量所主导。
[Abstract]:Dartmouth College case is an important event in the history of American higher education. In terms of its significance and influence, domestic scholars almost agree that it divides the public and private boundaries of American higher education.However, this conclusion lacks a certain historical basis.Through the use of historical data and foreign research results, based on the analysis of the literature and historical facts, this paper reunderstands the historical evaluation of the division of the public and private boundaries of the case.This paper argues that the key to this case is not the public-private nature of higher education but the protection of property rights.The final judgment of the case only gives a vague definition of the public and private nature of higher education, but does not in fact delineate the public and private boundaries of higher education. There is no clear distinction between public and private nature of higher education in the United States from the very beginning.Marshall and the Supreme Court on public-private issues have been abandoned by many researchers and justices.The dual dimension of public and private view of American higher education should be corrected. American colleges and universities are, to a large extent, the product of multiple social forces and have never been dominated by a single force.
【作者单位】：浙江大学教育学系;
【基金】：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题成果(16NDJC025Z) 浙江省教育厅科研项目资助成果(Y201534019)
【分类号】：G649.712

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