新疆大学生职业准备对职业选择的影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-29 15:18

【摘要】：职业准备是衡量大学生就业能力的重要指标,职业选择是决定大学生未来发展的必要环节。本文试探求职业准备对大学生职业选择的影响,了解高校大学生职业准备与职业选择的现状,提出增强大学生职业准备的对策与建议,促进大学生就业,实现社会和谐稳定。本研究以新疆在校大学生为研究对象,以职业准备对职业选择的影响为研究内容,其中将职业准备定义“就业能力与就业期望的综合体现”,分为职业资产、职业态度、自我认知、职业规划、求职行动五个维度。将职业选择定义为“人们从自己的职业期望、职业理想出发,依据自己的兴趣、能力、特点等自身素质,从社会现有的职业中选择一种适合自己的职业的过程”,它包括三个方面,职业类型选择、就业地点选择和预期薪酬选择。研究以人职匹配理论、职业兴趣理论、职业生涯理论、需要理论作为理论基础。通过对新疆六所本科院校进行问卷调查与个别深入访谈,了解职业准备与职业选择的现状,再利用SPSS 22.0软件进行差异分析、多元logistic回归分析,探寻职业准备对职业选择的影响,得出以下结论:1.新疆大学生总体职业准备水平中等,大学生参加职业培训方式单一,大学生参与社会实践形式多样。不同性别在求职行动上有显著差异;不同民族在职业准备各维度均有显著差异;不同年级在职业态度上差异显著;不同专业在职业准备各维度上都有显著差异。2.职业类型选择方面,大学生最倾向到事业单位工作,其次是自主创业、升学、到国有企业工作;就业地点选择方面,大学生选择省会城市及其他直辖市的人所占比例最多,选择到县级市及以下的比例最少;预期薪酬方面,选择3001-5000元月薪的人数最多,选择2000元及以下的人数最少。3.职业准备程度是职业选择的显著影响因素。职业准备程度高的学生选择事业单位和党政机关的比例更高。职业准备程度较低的学生,更能接受较低的薪酬;选择较高薪酬的学生中,职业准备程度高的学生所占比例最高。选择到北京、上海、广州等一线城市就业的人数中,职业准备程度高的学生所占比率最高,职业准备程度中等的学生选择到省会城市及其他直辖市的最多。4.职业资产对就业地点有正向预测作用,职业资产、求职行动对合理预期薪酬有正向预测作用,职业规划影响行业选择,职业规划越高的,选择到国有企业、科研项目单位和升学的概率越大。
[Abstract]:Career preparation is an important index to measure the employment ability of college students, and career choice is the necessary link to determine the future development of college students. This paper tries to explore the influence of career preparation on college students' career choice, understand the present situation of college students' career preparation and career choice, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to enhance college students' career preparation, promote college students' employment and realize social harmony and stability. This research takes Xinjiang university student as the research object, takes the occupation preparation's influence on the occupation choice as the research content, and defines the occupation preparation "the comprehensive embodiment of the employment ability and the employment expectation", divides into the occupation assets, the occupation attitude. Five dimensions of self-cognition, career planning and job-seeking action. Career choice is defined as "a process in which people choose a suitable occupation from their existing occupations according to their own professional expectations and ideals, according to their own qualities, such as their own interests, abilities, characteristics, etc." It includes three aspects, the choice of occupation type, the choice of employment location and the choice of expected salary. The research is based on the theory of person-job matching, the theory of professional interest and the theory of career. Through the questionnaire survey and individual in-depth interview to six colleges and universities in Xinjiang, to understand the present situation of career preparation and career choice, and then to use SPSS 22.0 software to carry on the difference analysis, the multivariate logistic regression analysis, to explore the influence of the occupation preparation to the occupation choice. Draw the following conclusion: 1. The overall level of vocational preparation of college students in Xinjiang is medium, the way of college students participating in vocational training is single, and the forms of participation of college students in social practice are various. There were significant differences in job search action between different sexes; significant differences among different ethnic groups in all dimensions of career preparation; significant differences in career attitude among different grades; significant differences in each dimension of career preparation in different majors. 2. In the choice of occupation types, college students are most inclined to work in institutions, followed by self-employed, advanced students, and work in state-owned enterprises. In terms of employment location, the proportion of students choosing provincial capitals and other municipalities directly under the Central Government is the highest. The proportion of people selected to the county level and below is the least; the number of people who choose 3001-5000 yuan per month is the largest, and the number of people under 2000 yuan is the least. The degree of job preparation is a significant factor of career choice. Students with high level of professional preparation chose higher proportion of institutions and party and government organs. Students with lower level of vocational preparation are more likely to accept lower salary, and those who choose higher salary have the highest proportion of students with higher level of vocational preparation. Among the first-tier cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other first-tier cities, the proportion of students with high level of vocational readiness was the highest, and those with medium level of vocational preparation chose the largest number of .4in provincial capitals and other municipalities directly under the Central Government. Professional assets have a positive predictive effect on employment locations, and career assets and job search actions have a positive predictive effect on reasonable expected salary. Career planning affects the choice of industries. The higher the career planning, the more they choose to go to state-owned enterprises. The greater the probability of scientific research project units and higher education.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

【参考文献】