大学毕业生所学专业与初次就业岗位匹配的研究
发布时间：2018-08-16 10:12
【摘要】：大学毕业生在初次就业时,可能会受到诸如个人专业技能不足、用人单位的性别或学历歧视、社会经济结构调整与改革等微观和宏观因素的影响,难以找到与专业相匹配的工作岗位;而用人单位在招聘过程中也可能由于岗位职责不清或相互重叠等原因,较难招到与岗位相匹配的人才。大学毕业生技能与劳动力市场需求不相匹配,可能导致毕业生收入降低和频繁的转换工作岗位,造成个人、家庭以及社会对教育资本投入的损失。本研究通过自编《大学毕业生专业与初次就业岗位匹配问卷》,对近五年毕业后直接参加工作的大学生进行调查,得出以下五个结论:(1)近五年的大学毕业生专业与初次就业岗位匹配的总体情况较好,通用能力的匹配程度比专业能力高。(2)大学毕业生在初次就业岗位上出现专业技能过度和技能不足并存的现象,且技能不足的比例较技能过度高,毕业生技能不足情况较为普遍。(3)大学毕业生专业与初次就业岗位匹配情况在高校类型、专业类型、毕业年份、初次就业单位性质和是否获得相关职业资格证书这五个变量上存在显著差异。(4)在初次就业时,岗位因素、高校类型会影响毕业生找到与专业相匹配的工作岗位。(5)专业与初次就业岗位匹配水平较高的毕业生会减少转换岗位的概率,在匹配岗位上工作也有助于提高工作效率、减少工作压力;反之,有可能会增加转换岗位的频率,需要经常加班以完成上级布置的任务,工作压力大。
[Abstract]:College graduates may be affected by micro and macro factors such as inadequate personal professional skills, discrimination on the basis of gender or academic qualifications of employers, and socio-economic restructuring and reform when they are first employed. It is difficult to find a job matching with a major, and it may be difficult for an employer to recruit qualified personnel for reasons such as unclear or overlapping responsibilities in the recruitment process. The mismatch between the skills of college graduates and the demand of the labor market may lead to the decrease of graduates' income and the frequent turnover of jobs and the loss of personal, family and social investment in education capital. This study investigated the college students who took part in the work directly after graduation in the past five years through a self-compiled questionnaire on the matching between the major and the first employment post of university graduates. The following five conclusions are drawn: (1) the overall situation of the matching of college graduates' majors with first-time employment positions in the past five years is relatively good. The matching degree of general ability is higher than that of professional ability. (2) the phenomenon of excessive professional skill and insufficient skill in the first employment post of college graduates, and the proportion of insufficient skill is higher than that of excessive skill. (3) the matching situation between college graduates' major and the first employment position is in the types of universities, the types of majors, the years of graduation, There are significant differences in the nature of the first employment unit and whether to obtain the relevant vocational qualification certificate. (4) in the first employment, the post factor, The types of colleges and universities will affect the graduates to find jobs that match their major. (5) graduates with higher matching level of major and initial employment will reduce the probability of switching jobs, and working in matching positions will also help to improve their work efficiency. Reduce work pressure; conversely, it is possible to increase the frequency of job conversion, need to work overtime frequently to complete the tasks assigned by the supervisor, the work pressure is high.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647.38
本文编号：2185672
[Abstract]:College graduates may be affected by micro and macro factors such as inadequate personal professional skills, discrimination on the basis of gender or academic qualifications of employers, and socio-economic restructuring and reform when they are first employed. It is difficult to find a job matching with a major, and it may be difficult for an employer to recruit qualified personnel for reasons such as unclear or overlapping responsibilities in the recruitment process. The mismatch between the skills of college graduates and the demand of the labor market may lead to the decrease of graduates' income and the frequent turnover of jobs and the loss of personal, family and social investment in education capital. This study investigated the college students who took part in the work directly after graduation in the past five years through a self-compiled questionnaire on the matching between the major and the first employment post of university graduates. The following five conclusions are drawn: (1) the overall situation of the matching of college graduates' majors with first-time employment positions in the past five years is relatively good. The matching degree of general ability is higher than that of professional ability. (2) the phenomenon of excessive professional skill and insufficient skill in the first employment post of college graduates, and the proportion of insufficient skill is higher than that of excessive skill. (3) the matching situation between college graduates' major and the first employment position is in the types of universities, the types of majors, the years of graduation, There are significant differences in the nature of the first employment unit and whether to obtain the relevant vocational qualification certificate. (4) in the first employment, the post factor, The types of colleges and universities will affect the graduates to find jobs that match their major. (5) graduates with higher matching level of major and initial employment will reduce the probability of switching jobs, and working in matching positions will also help to improve their work efficiency. Reduce work pressure; conversely, it is possible to increase the frequency of job conversion, need to work overtime frequently to complete the tasks assigned by the supervisor, the work pressure is high.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G647.38
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