先秦性别角色研究
发布时间：2018-08-02 11:54
【摘要】：在先秦这一中国历史文明的开端时期,有许多文化和文明因素都经历了从无到有、从小到大、从简单到复杂、从萌生到成熟的过程。由此,先秦文化也就成为中国文化名副其实的“源头活水”。性别角色作为人类文明进化的产物,作为区分人类社会男女两性的基本模式,也在这一时期萌芽出现于中国的原始人群之中,并随着夏商周的漫长时间推移,受惠于各种纷至沓来的文明因素的簇拥和触动,日渐完善并趋于定型。这一过程,横亘于整个先秦历史的流程之中,留下了脉络清晰的印记和轨迹。本文的目的,就是要循着性别角色在先秦时期印下的串串足迹,进行探颐索隐的史学研究,将其基本形态和前后变化的种种表现加以全方位、多角度的把握,深入理解其产生、发展、变化和定型、完善的因果,藉此来观照中国传统性别角色的历史和现实存在,并为当今时代性别角色(或称社会性别)理论的中国化提供一种可资利用的历史资源或背景材料。 为了达此目的,本文所采用的仍然是前辈学者所惯用的借鉴和运用现代社会学理论来对中国古代历史进行重新解读和理解的基本方法。具体来说,就是在对当代社会学中性别角色(或称社会性别)理论进行较为深入的理解和掌握的前提之下,将其引入到先秦历史的研究中,从而成就本文的研究。在具体的研究过程中,还采用了从纵向的历史时空剖析整个先秦历史的方法。也就是说,本文虽系理论与实践结合的产物,但归根到底还是一篇史学论作,它要求从史学的角度来条分缕析,从时间的先后来还原和解释历史,从性别角色客观发展的次序来呈现其脉络。 全文共分为三大部分,即:导言、正文和结语。 导言主要是阐明本文的目的、研究的意义、研究的方法和基本的思路,明确本文所要解决的基本问题,回顾和综述本课题既有的研究成果,归结其研究的价值。为了便于对本文的把握,导言部分还不避烦琐,简要介绍了性别角色理论发展的基本状况,界定了角色、性角色和性别角色等主要词汇。 第一章曰先秦性别词汇释要。按照国学传统的研究路数,本文首先进行了 “正名”的工作,选择了在先秦历史中有重要影响的“士女”、“男女”、“夫妇”、 “父母”等四对性别概念,加以简要的疏解,以此明确性别称谓在先秦时期的 存在方式和状况,并以此为线索初步显示性别角色在先秦时期的大概历程。 第二章曰先秦性别角色形成的历史轨迹。现代考古学的成果表明,早在新 石器时代,就已有了基本的男女之别。生殖崇拜的盛行,说明此时的男女角色 之别,应当是性角色的差异被渲染的结果;而大量新石器时期墓葬所呈现的男 女葬式、葬俗、随葬品等方面的前后差异,则显示了此时男女已经从性角色的 差异向性别角色的区分过渡。到新石器时代末期,性别角色模式已经出现。夏 商的历史与传说时代是紧密相联的,而从驳杂纷繁的古史传说中,我们可以看 到古人性别意识的逐步觉醒和对性别角色秩序的初步安排。夏代,男子除了固 定的父亲、丈夫、儿子等家庭角色和农业、狩猎、战争等主要生产活动和军事 活动的从业者角色之外,还兼备社会管理等社会角色;女子则以男子角色身后 的家庭作为展示风采的舞台,从而以人妻、人母和人女的角色安身立命。商代, 男子延续了夏代以来男子的性别角色,只是在社会生活内涵不断拓展的前提 下,其角色分布更加细致,角色面貌更加复杂;女子的性别角色,除了沿袭前 代的基本模式之外,一些贵族妇女还在家庭因素的鼓励之下承担了一些男子助 手甚至是男子代表的角色。西周春秋时期,则是性别角色确定的阶段。当此之 时,男女的性别角色形态已经基本确定下来,那就是男子日益成为社会生活和 政治、军事和劳动生活的独占者,成为社会的主宰,性别中的强势;女子则逐 步被逼仄到了家庭生活的狭小圈子中,其为男子助手或代表的角色被逐渐取 消,她也就日益成为日常生活的被动接受者和两性性别中的弱势。这就形成了 风靡社会各个角落的“男女有别”和“夫妇有别”礼节规则,并以之肯定和认 同这种性别角色差异。战国时期,则是性别角色的巩固和强化时期。此时,男 女性别角色基本形态中至为显著的表现就是“士为知己者死”和“女为悦己者 容”。男性成为性别角色的中心,男子只考虑男性世界的事情即可,而女子却 要为男子而生存生活。 第三章曰先秦诸子对“性别角色”问题的省思。性别角色理论虽然晚出, 但性别角色却早在先秦时期就已完整呈现。先秦诸子生当春秋战国的特定历史 时期,亲眼目睹并切身体验了当时男女夫妇既有的社会角色,又以“横议”这 种特有的“救世”方式各持己见,深入省思和探究人间男女的“性别角色”问 II
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the pre Qin period, many cultural and civilized factors have gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from simple to complex, from germination to maturity. Thus, the pre Qin culture also became the "source of Chinese culture" as a product of the evolution of human civilization as a product of human civilization and as a distinction. The basic pattern of men and women in the human society, which sprout in this period, appeared in the primitive people of China, and with the long passage of time in the Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty, it benefited from the crowding and touching of all kinds of civilizations, which were gradually perfected and finalized. This process lies in the process of the whole pre Qin history, leaving the pulse. The purpose of this article is to follow the series of footprints of the sex role in the pre Qin period, to explore the historical research of the pre Qin period, to take the basic form and the various manifestations of the changes to a full, multi angle grasp, and to understand its production, development, change and pattern, and the perfect cause and effect. According to the history and reality of Chinese traditional sex role, it provides a valuable historical resource or background material for the modernization of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in the present era.
In order to achieve this purpose, this article is still used as the basic method used by the predecessors and scholars to learn and understand the ancient Chinese history by using the modern sociology theory. Specifically, it is the prerequisite for a more thorough understanding and mastery of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in Contemporary Sociology. In the course of specific research, we also adopted the method of analyzing the whole history of the pre-Qin period from the longitudinal historical time and space. That is to say, this article is a product of the combination of theory and practice, but in the final analysis, it is still a historical theory, which requires from the perspective of history. From the perspective of time, we can restore and explain history from time to time, presenting its context from the order of objective development of gender roles.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction is mainly to clarify the purpose of this article, the significance of the study, the methods and basic ideas of the study, to clarify the basic problems to be solved in this article, review and summarize the research achievements of this subject, and to sum up the value of its research. In order to facilitate the grasp of this article, the introduction part is not to avoid tedious, and briefly introduces the development of the theory of gender role. The basic condition defines the key words such as roles, sexual roles and gender roles.
The first chapter concerns the interpretation of gender words in pre Qin Dynasty.
The work of "Renming" has chosen "ladies and gentlemen", "men and women" and "couples" which have great influence in the history of pre Qin Dynasty.
The four concepts of gender, such as "parents", are briefly clarifying, so as to clarify the gender appellation in the pre Qin period.
Existing ways and conditions, and taking this as a clue, initially show the general process of gender roles in the pre Qin period.
The second chapter refers to the historical track of the formation of gender roles in pre Qin period.
In the stone age, there are basically differences between men and women. The prevalence of reproductive worship shows the roles of men and women at this time.
The difference should be the result of the difference of sexual role, and the male presented by a large number of Neolithic tombs.
The difference between women's burial style, burial custom and funerary objects shows that men and women have already been sexed.
The transition from gender to gender role. To the end of the Neolithic age, the gender role model has emerged.
The history of merchants is closely related to the age of legends, and we can see from the numerous and complicated ancient history legends.
To the gradual awakening of the ancients' gender consciousness and the preliminary arrangement of gender role order.
Father, husband, son and other family roles and agriculture, hunting, war and other major production activities and military affairs.
Besides the role of the practitioner, they also have social roles such as social management.
The family as a stage to display the elegant demeanor, so as to settle down in the role of wife, mother and daughter.
Men continue the gender role of men since the Xia Dynasty, but only in the premise of expanding the connotation of social life.
The roles are more detailed and the roles are more complicated.
In addition to the basic model of the generation, some noble women also took some help from men under the encouragement of family factors.
The role of the hands and even the men's representatives is the period when the sex roles are established in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period.
The gender roles of men and women have been basically determined, that is, men are increasingly becoming social lives.
The monopolist of politics, military and labor life has become the master of society, and the strength of sex is the strength of women.
Stepping into the narrow circle of family life, it gradually took the role of male assistant or representative.
As a result, she has increasingly become the passive recipient of everyday life and the weakness of the sexes.
Affirmation and recognition of the etiquette rules of "men's and women's differences" and "separation of husband and wife" in every corner of the society.
In the Warring States period, it was a period of consolidation and strengthening of gender roles.
The most significant manifestation of women's role is the "death of a bosom friend" and "the woman who likes herself".
Men become the center of gender roles. Men only consider things in the male world, while women do.
Live for men.
The third chapter refers to the introspection of "gender roles" by the pre Qin philosophers.
However, the gender roles were fully presented in the pre Qin period.
During the period, we witnessed and experienced the social roles of male and female couples at the time.
The unique ways to save the world are different from each other, and go deep into thinking and exploring the gender roles of men and women.
II
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K225
本文编号：2159345
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the pre Qin period, many cultural and civilized factors have gone through the process from scratch, from small to large, from simple to complex, from germination to maturity. Thus, the pre Qin culture also became the "source of Chinese culture" as a product of the evolution of human civilization as a product of human civilization and as a distinction. The basic pattern of men and women in the human society, which sprout in this period, appeared in the primitive people of China, and with the long passage of time in the Xia Shang Zhou Dynasty, it benefited from the crowding and touching of all kinds of civilizations, which were gradually perfected and finalized. This process lies in the process of the whole pre Qin history, leaving the pulse. The purpose of this article is to follow the series of footprints of the sex role in the pre Qin period, to explore the historical research of the pre Qin period, to take the basic form and the various manifestations of the changes to a full, multi angle grasp, and to understand its production, development, change and pattern, and the perfect cause and effect. According to the history and reality of Chinese traditional sex role, it provides a valuable historical resource or background material for the modernization of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in the present era.
In order to achieve this purpose, this article is still used as the basic method used by the predecessors and scholars to learn and understand the ancient Chinese history by using the modern sociology theory. Specifically, it is the prerequisite for a more thorough understanding and mastery of the theory of gender role (or social gender) in Contemporary Sociology. In the course of specific research, we also adopted the method of analyzing the whole history of the pre-Qin period from the longitudinal historical time and space. That is to say, this article is a product of the combination of theory and practice, but in the final analysis, it is still a historical theory, which requires from the perspective of history. From the perspective of time, we can restore and explain history from time to time, presenting its context from the order of objective development of gender roles.
The full text is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction is mainly to clarify the purpose of this article, the significance of the study, the methods and basic ideas of the study, to clarify the basic problems to be solved in this article, review and summarize the research achievements of this subject, and to sum up the value of its research. In order to facilitate the grasp of this article, the introduction part is not to avoid tedious, and briefly introduces the development of the theory of gender role. The basic condition defines the key words such as roles, sexual roles and gender roles.
The first chapter concerns the interpretation of gender words in pre Qin Dynasty.
The work of "Renming" has chosen "ladies and gentlemen", "men and women" and "couples" which have great influence in the history of pre Qin Dynasty.
The four concepts of gender, such as "parents", are briefly clarifying, so as to clarify the gender appellation in the pre Qin period.
Existing ways and conditions, and taking this as a clue, initially show the general process of gender roles in the pre Qin period.
The second chapter refers to the historical track of the formation of gender roles in pre Qin period.
In the stone age, there are basically differences between men and women. The prevalence of reproductive worship shows the roles of men and women at this time.
The difference should be the result of the difference of sexual role, and the male presented by a large number of Neolithic tombs.
The difference between women's burial style, burial custom and funerary objects shows that men and women have already been sexed.
The transition from gender to gender role. To the end of the Neolithic age, the gender role model has emerged.
The history of merchants is closely related to the age of legends, and we can see from the numerous and complicated ancient history legends.
To the gradual awakening of the ancients' gender consciousness and the preliminary arrangement of gender role order.
Father, husband, son and other family roles and agriculture, hunting, war and other major production activities and military affairs.
Besides the role of the practitioner, they also have social roles such as social management.
The family as a stage to display the elegant demeanor, so as to settle down in the role of wife, mother and daughter.
Men continue the gender role of men since the Xia Dynasty, but only in the premise of expanding the connotation of social life.
The roles are more detailed and the roles are more complicated.
In addition to the basic model of the generation, some noble women also took some help from men under the encouragement of family factors.
The role of the hands and even the men's representatives is the period when the sex roles are established in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period.
The gender roles of men and women have been basically determined, that is, men are increasingly becoming social lives.
The monopolist of politics, military and labor life has become the master of society, and the strength of sex is the strength of women.
Stepping into the narrow circle of family life, it gradually took the role of male assistant or representative.
As a result, she has increasingly become the passive recipient of everyday life and the weakness of the sexes.
Affirmation and recognition of the etiquette rules of "men's and women's differences" and "separation of husband and wife" in every corner of the society.
In the Warring States period, it was a period of consolidation and strengthening of gender roles.
The most significant manifestation of women's role is the "death of a bosom friend" and "the woman who likes herself".
Men become the center of gender roles. Men only consider things in the male world, while women do.
Live for men.
The third chapter refers to the introspection of "gender roles" by the pre Qin philosophers.
However, the gender roles were fully presented in the pre Qin period.
During the period, we witnessed and experienced the social roles of male and female couples at the time.
The unique ways to save the world are different from each other, and go deep into thinking and exploring the gender roles of men and women.
II
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K225
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 丁桃源;;《论语》中的妇女观[J];语文学刊;2011年17期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 王艳丽;先秦两汉文学老妪形象研究[D];东北师范大学;2008年
相关硕士学位论文 前7条
1 董云香;先秦节庆文化研究[D];辽宁师范大学;2010年
2 张野;先秦休闲文化研究[D];辽宁师范大学;2010年
3 高畅;先秦两汉妇女的经济、政治、宗教行为对构建女性文学形象的影响[D];南京师范大学;2011年
4 孙芳辉;出其东门，有女如云[D];辽宁师范大学;2006年
5 魏丽蕊;先秦秦汉齐鲁女性研究[D];山东师范大学;2007年
6 李华;先秦诸子生死观研究[D];辽宁师范大学;2007年
7 周功;从野人到君子[D];辽宁师范大学;2007年
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