欧洲天文学:打开了“用夷变夏”的第一个缺口

发布时间：2018-08-30 14:42

【摘要】：西学东渐始于明末清初,当时,欧洲传教士带来了诸多西洋器物和西方的天文、历法、数学、地理知识,对中国知识界产生了一定的影响。但真正对中国社会形成广泛而深刻触动的是晚清以来出现的更为全面的西学东渐。这一时期传入中国的西学,除了制度层面的东西和先进的科学技术外,还包括了政治意识、哲学思想、文化观念等社会意识的方方面面。伴随着西方新式教育和译介书籍传播进来的新思想和新风俗,对中国旧有的生活方式和思想观念产生了巨大冲击,使得近代中国的大地上逐渐形成了求新、求变的社会气候。在西学的浸润和影响下,不仅促使中国人的思想和文化发生了巨大变迁,同时,彻底改变了中国人传统的固步自封、唯我独尊的思维模式和认知模式,并迈开了史无前例的社会改良和社会革命的步伐。今天,我们回顾和研究清代的西学东渐,除了认真总结历史的经验和教训外,更应当着眼于其现实意义,即在当前中国到处兴起的“国学热”中,理性地看待中国传统文化和西方近现代文化,以及中西文化之间的关系,超越中国旧有的“夷夏之防”的思维模式,以新的全球化的视野审视中国的历史和现实,这样才能以史为鉴,利用历史研究的成果,推进中国的改革开放和现代化建设。
[Abstract]:Western learning began in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when European missionaries brought in many Western objects and Western knowledge of astronomy, calendar, mathematics and geography, which had a certain impact on the Chinese intelligentsia. But what really touched the Chinese society widely and deeply was the more comprehensive western learning to the east since the late Qing Dynasty. In addition to the system and advanced science and technology, the western studies introduced into China during this period also included all aspects of social consciousness, such as political consciousness, philosophical thought, cultural concept and so on. With the spread of new ideas and customs in the new education and translation of books in the West, the old ways of life and ideas in China have been greatly impacted, and the social climate of seeking new and changing has been gradually formed on the land of modern China. Under the influence and infiltration of western learning, not only has the Chinese thought and culture changed greatly, but also the traditional Chinese thinking mode and cognitive mode of being self-contained and self-respecting have been completely changed. And began an unprecedented pace of social reform and social revolution. Today, we review and study the eastward spread of Western learning in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to seriously summing up the historical experience and lessons, we should also focus on its practical significance, that is, in the current "craze for the study of Chinese culture", which is rising everywhere in China. The relationship between Chinese traditional culture and western modern culture, as well as the relationship between Chinese and western cultures, transcends the old mode of thinking of "the prevention of the overcast summer", and examines China's history and reality from the new perspective of globalization. Only in this way can we learn from history and make use of the achievements of historical research to promote China's reform, opening up and modernization drive.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学科学史系
【分类号】：K248;K249

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