我国义务教育领域实施“教育券制度”研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 14:03

本文选题：教育券 + 义务教育　；参考：《华北电力大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：半个世纪前,芝加哥货币经济学派代表人物米尔顿·弗里德曼第一次提出了教育券理论,其中心观点是政府不再把教育经费直接拨付给学校,而是根据一定的核算方式把教育经费发放到学生家长手中,让学生和家长自由选择就读学校,力求实现促进公立学校改革、扩大家长选择权力及保证教育公平等目的。我国是一个教育大国,无论从我国的综合实力还是经济实力来看,目前还存在教育经费不足等诸多问题,解决这些问题的策略之一是实施教育券制度。实行教育券制度,客观上实现了增加教育资源总量的目的,提高教育效率,促进教育机会均等,促进校际竞争,提高教育质量。米尔顿·弗里德曼、詹克斯等学者把教育券分为“市场模型”、“收入一市场联系模型”、“补偿性市场模型”、“非排富性”模式和“排富性”模式。我国义务教育领域实施义务教育券有着十分重要的意义,有利于促进我国义务教育公平、有利于促进教育质量和效率的提高、有利于解决我国流动人口受义务教育问题、有利于改善我国义务教育财政资金分配方式和有利于形成多元化办学机制。从美国、哥伦比亚及国内的长兴教育券、湖北监利教育卡制度得出启示,义务教育领域实施教育券制度,首先,要处理好教育与市场的关系；其次,制定“教育券”政策要有利于区域的整体发展；再次,“教育券”制度要在动态中完善。我国义务教育领域实施“教育券制度”一是做好实施义务教育券的制度设计,包括义务教育券实施的范围、教育券的获得、教育券的兑现；二是处理好教育券政策推行的“过渡性”问题；三是发挥政府的“掌舵”和“裁判”作用；四是转变社会公众对教育券认识的观念；五是制定义务教育券制度实施的相关配套政策,包括建立义务教育券入学准入制度、建立政府义务教育资金的收-支付系统、建立和完善义务教育券的监督和评估制度等。教育券制度作为教育改革的方式之一,可在幼儿教育,职业教育、高等教育等领域进一步推广。
[Abstract]:In the first half of a century , the representative of the Chicago Monetary and Economic School , Milton Freedman , first put forward the theory of education voucher . The central point of view is that the government no longer allocates the education funds directly to the school , but it is one of the most important education countries .
Secondly , the development of " education voucher " policy is beneficial to the overall development of the region ;
Once again , the " education voucher " system should be improved in the dynamic . The implementation of the " educational voucher system " in the field of compulsory education in our country is a system design for the implementation of compulsory education vouchers , including the scope of compulsory education voucher implementation , the acquisition of education vouchers and the redemption of education vouchers ;
The second is to deal with the " transitional " problem of the education voucher policy ;
The third is to play the role of government ' s " helm " and " referee " ;
Fourthly , the idea of changing the public ' s understanding of the education voucher is changed ;
The fifth is the relevant supporting policies for the implementation of the compulsory education voucher system , including the establishment of the compulsory education voucher entrance system , the establishment of the collection and payment system of compulsory education funds , the establishment and improvement of the supervision and evaluation system of compulsory education vouchers , etc . The education voucher system is one of the ways of educational reform , which can be further promoted in the fields of early childhood education , vocational education and higher education .
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G521

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