教师权威的困境与出路探索

发布时间：2018-06-06 00:44

本文选题：中小学 + 权威　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：教师权威作为学校教育中一种重要的教育影响力,在教育教学过程中发挥着重要作用。如果缺少教师权威的力量,学校教育的目标是很难实现的。然而在新课程改革全面推进的今天,人们高呼着教育民主、学生自由,却将教师权威看作是教育发展过程中的绊脚石,教师权威正在遭受着一些人的质疑和批判。理论研究中研究者对教师权威的不同阐释,引起概念上的混乱,引发了教师的诸多困惑。与此同时,随着网络和信息技术的发展以及社会转型时期价值的多元化以及教育教学改革的深入,教师权威自身也在接受着来自方方面面的考验和挑战,教师权威陷入了前所未有的困境。本文以马克思主义关于权威的理论为研究起点,以马克思主义权威理论的本质,即权威是客观存在的社会现象、权威是普遍联系的交往形式、权威是强加与服从的矛盾统一体三个基本的观点为研究基础,论证教师权威是教育活动中客观存在的现象,教师权威有存在的合理性和必要性。通过分析教育教学过程中教师权威面临的困境问题,进而探索教师权威的出路问题,以期丰富教师权威的研究内容,深化对教师权威的认识和思考。教师权威是教师凭借国家、社会所赋予的教育权力及个人因素而产生的被认同、被尊重、被信任的教育影响力,表现为教学过程中学生对教师的信赖与遵从。这种信赖和服从是学生发自内心的、自愿的服从,而不是迫于外力的屈从。教师要赢得权威,得到学生的认可,既要依靠制度赋予教师职业的权力,更要依靠基于个人的德、能、学、识等形成的个人之魅。教师权威本质上是学生外在依附与内在生成的统一,是教师权力与教师魅力的统一,是形式权威与实质权威的统一教师权威本是一种积极的教育影响力,对维持教育教学的秩序,促进学生成长和教师发展都有积极的意义,但不可否认的是教育中确实有教师权威异化的现象存在,同时教师权威也有来自外部的压力和人们认识上的混乱问题,因此也有人反对教师权威甚至提出要消解教师权威。这就需要进一步对教师权威的概念、教师权威的合理性以及教师权威的运行途径等进行深入地剖析,使人们对教师权威有新的认识。只有树立正确的教师权威观,教师权威才会发挥应有的作用,对学生起到积极的作用,产生正面的影响。本文的重点就是探讨什么是合理的教师权威,如何摆脱教师权威目前的困境,建立合理的教师权威。在研究的过程中,文章重点研究以下几个方面：第一,以马克思主义权威理论为基础,对教师权威进行理论分析,阐述教师权威的内涵、变迁、来源、分类、特征及影响因素等,探讨教师权威与教育中的民主和自由之间的关系；第二,从宏观、中观和微观三个层面说明教师权威存在的合理性和必要性,进而探索教师权威的运行基础和运行机制；第三,对当前教师权威的困境进行剖析,认为教师权威面临着来自理论和实践的种种挑战；人们对教师权威也存在着认识误区,同时实践中存在着教师权威的异化现象。理论、实践的挑战和来自教育内部与外部的变化,使教师权威处境堪忧。第四,通过理论与实践的研究以及学理的分析,寻求一种出路的探索,即如何建立对学生、教师和教育发展有利的教师权威。对于这些路径的分析,有助于理清目前在理论研究中出现的种种误区,在一定程度上丰富了教师权威的理论研究,也有助于引领实践中教师的工作,帮助其形成合理的教师权威。
[Abstract]:As an important educational influence in school education, teacher authority plays an important role in the course of education and teaching. Without the power of teachers' authority, the goal of school education is difficult to achieve. However, in today's new curriculum reform, people are calling to teach democracy, students' freedom, but teachers' authority is regarded as In the course of the development of education, teachers' authority is being questioned and criticized by some people. In theoretical research, the different interpretations of the authority of teachers have caused confusion in concepts and many puzzles of teachers. At the same time, with the development of network and information technology and the diversity of values in the period of social transformation, With the deepening of education and teaching reform, teachers' authority is also accepting challenges and challenges from all sides, and the authority of teachers has fallen into an unprecedented predicament.
This article takes Marx's theory of authority as the starting point, with the essence of the authoritative theory of Marx's doctrine, that is, the authority is an objective social phenomenon, the authority is the communication form of universal connection, the authority is the three basic point of view of the unity of the contradiction between the force and the obedience, and the argument that the teacher's authority is the objective of the educational activities. The existence of the existing phenomenon, the rationality and necessity of the existence of teacher authority. Through the analysis of the difficulties faced by the authority of teachers in the course of education and teaching, then explore the problem of the way out of the authority of teachers, in order to enrich the research content of teacher authority and deepen the understanding and examination of the authority of teachers.
Teacher authority is a teacher's trust and compliance with the educational power of the state, the educational power and personal factors endowed by the state, the educational power and the personal factors given by the society. It is shown as the trust and compliance of the middle school students to the teachers in the course of teaching. This trust and obedience are the students' inner and voluntary obedience, not the external force. To win the authority and get the approval of the students, we must rely on the power given by the system to the teachers, but also depend on the personal charm based on the personal virtue, ability, learning and knowledge. In essence, the teacher's authority is the unity of the external dependence and internal formation of the students, the unity of the teacher's power and the teacher's charm, and the unity of the formal authority and the substantive authority.
Teacher authority is a positive educational influence. It has a positive significance for maintaining the order of teaching and promoting the growth of students and the development of teachers. However, it is undeniable that there is a phenomenon of the alienation of teacher authority in education. At the same time, the authority of teachers also has the pressure from the outside and the confusion of people. It is necessary to further analyze the concept of the authority of teachers, the rationality of the authority of teachers and the way of the operation of the authority of teachers, so that people will have a new understanding of the authority of teachers.
Only by setting up a correct view of teacher authority, teachers' authority will play its due role and play an active role in students and have a positive influence. The focus of this article is to discuss what is a reasonable teacher authority, how to get rid of the current predicament of teacher authority and establish a reasonable authority of teachers. The following aspects: first, on the basis of Marx's authoritative theory, the author carries out a theoretical analysis of teacher authority, expounds the connotation, change, origin, classification, characteristics and influence factors of teacher authority, and discusses the relationship between teacher authority and democracy and freedom in education. Second, the teacher's right is explained from three aspects of macro, medium and micro. The rationality and necessity of the existence of the authority, and then explore the operating basis and operating mechanism of the authority of teachers. Third, the dilemma of the current teacher authority is analyzed, and the teacher authority is faced with various challenges from theory and practice, and there is a misunderstanding of the authority of teachers, and the alienation of the authority of teachers exists in practice. The theory, the challenge of practice and the change from the internal and external education make the teacher's authority in the situation. Fourth, through the study of theory and practice and the analysis of the theory, we seek a way out, that is, how to establish an authoritative teacher's authority for the students, teachers and educational development. The previous misunderstandings in the theoretical research have enriched the theoretical research of teachers' authority to a certain extent, and also help to lead the work of teachers in practice and help them form a reasonable teacher authority.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G451.1

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