大学生人格特质、情绪对情感预测偏差影响的实验研究

发布时间：2019-02-14 18:51

【摘要】：情感预测(affective forecasting)指人们对未来事件的情感反应,最初研究源于决策领域。诸多研究发现,人们一般能够正确地预测未来事件引起的情绪效价和特定情绪,但在预测情绪强度和持续时间方面存在一定的偏差,即情感预测偏差,又名影响力偏差。有研究表明,情感预测偏差对决策、幸福感、身心健康、消费以及人际关系等均有重要影响。而关于情感预测的影响因素,已有研究显示,情绪智力、加工策略、人格特质等变量对情感预测有重要影响(Dunn, Brackett, Ashton-James, Schneiderman,Salovey,2007; Hoerger, Quirk, Lucas,Carr,2009; HoergerQuirk,2010)。此外,特质一致性假设认为,人格特质对情绪性信息加工具有重要的影响。所以,人格特质与情感预测偏差的关系需要进一步探讨。而根据心境一致性效应及已有研究,情绪背景作为动机性状态的一个重要因素,对情感预测会产生重要的影响(Loewenstein,1996)。鉴于此,本研究以大学生为被试,探讨不同人格特质被试在不同情绪状态下对积极／消极效价事件的情感预测偏差特点,揭示人格特质、情绪状态和效价事件对情感预测准确性的影响。本研究由一个筛选测验和两个正式实验组成。筛选测验是利用艾森克人格问卷筛选出内外倾和高低神经质两个维度的大学生被试,用以进行下面的两个实验：实验一考察的是不同人格特质被试对积极反馈事件和消极反馈事件的情感预测偏差情况；实验二主要考察在不同的情绪状态下,不同的人格特质被试对未来事件的情感预测偏差情况。研究结果表明： 1.大学生对未来事件的情感预测存在偏差,表现为过高估计对未来情感反应的强度和持续时间； 2.大学生人格特质中的内外向特质与情感预测持续时间偏差呈显著正相关,神经质维度与情感预测强度呈显著正相关,与持续时间偏差呈显著负相关； 3.高神经质被试的情感预测强度偏差显著高于低神经质被试和高内倾被试的情感预测强度偏差；高外倾被试的情感预测持续时间偏差显著高于高内倾被试的情感预测持续时间偏差； 4.大学生对消极效价事件的情感预测偏差显著高于对积极效价事件的情感预测偏差； 5.背景情绪对情感预测偏差产生一定的影响。在积极情绪状态下,被试对不同效价反馈条件下的情感预测强度偏差不显著,但是对积极事件的情感预测持续时间偏差显著低于对消极事件的情感预测持续时间偏差；而在消极情绪状态下,不同效价事件的情感预测持续时间偏差差异不显著,但是对消极事件的情感预测强度偏差显著高于对积极事件的情感预测强度偏差。
[Abstract]:Affective prediction (affective forecasting) refers to the emotional response of people to future events. Many studies have found that people can correctly predict the emotional potency and specific emotion caused by future events, but there are some deviations in predicting emotional intensity and duration, that is, emotional prediction bias, also known as influence bias. Some studies have shown that affective prediction bias plays an important role in decision-making, well-being, physical and mental health, consumption and interpersonal relationships. As to the influencing factors of affective prediction, it has been shown that emotional intelligence, processing strategies, personality traits and other variables have important influence on affective prediction (Dunn, Brackett, Ashton-James, Schneiderman,Salovey,2007; Hoerger, Quirk, Lucas,Carr,2009; HoergerQuirk,2010). In addition, the trait consistency hypothesis holds that personality traits play an important role in emotional information processing. Therefore, the relationship between personality traits and emotional prediction bias needs to be further explored. According to the effect of mood consistency and previous studies, emotional background, as an important factor of motivational state, plays an important role in emotion prediction (Loewenstein,1996). In view of this, this study, taking college students as subjects, explored the characteristics of emotional prediction bias of positive / negative titer events in different emotional states, and revealed personality traits. The effect of emotional state and titer events on the accuracy of emotion prediction. This study consists of a screening test and two formal experiments. The screening test is based on Eysenck Personality questionnaire (Eysenck Personality questionnaire) to screen out college students with both introversion and extroversion and high and low neuroticism. The following two experiments were carried out: experiment 1 examined the emotional prediction bias between positive and negative feedback events in subjects with different personality traits; In experiment two, the bias of emotion prediction to future events was investigated under different emotional states. The results show that: 1. College students' emotional prediction of future events is biased, which is shown by overestimating the intensity and duration of future emotional response; 2. There was a significant positive correlation between introversion and extroversion of personality traits, significant positive correlation between neuroticism and emotional prediction intensity, and significant negative correlation between neuroticism and duration bias. The deviation of emotional prediction intensity of high neurotic subjects was significantly higher than that of low neurotic subjects and high introverted subjects. The affective prediction duration deviation of high extroversion subjects was significantly higher than that of high introverted subjects. 4. College students' emotional prediction deviation of negative titer event was significantly higher than that of positive titer event. 5. Background emotion has a certain influence on the bias of emotion prediction. In the positive emotional state, the bias of the intensity of emotion prediction was not significant under the different titer feedback conditions, but the deviation of the duration of the emotional prediction of positive events was significantly lower than that of the negative events. However, in the negative emotional state, there is no significant difference in the duration deviation of emotion prediction for different titer events, but the deviation of emotional prediction intensity for negative events is significantly higher than that for positive events.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：B844.2

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