美国基于“共同核心标准”的新一代评价体系研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 10:06

本文关键词：美国基于“共同核心标准”的新一代评价体系研究　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代初,美国掀起了“基于标准的教育改革”浪潮。2001年颁布的《不让一个孩子掉队法案》(NCLB)提出将对不能达到标准的学校实行严格的惩罚措施。美国各州为了免受处罚,纷纷降低州标准以使学生成绩“达标”。在此背景下,2010年,美国颁布了“共同核心标准”,要求“全美学生在进入大学之前,在各年级的学习均接受相同的教育标准”,标志着美国开始采用和实施全国性统一的课程标准。目前,美国的42个州以及哥伦比亚特区采纳了这一标准。为适应各州和地区对与“共同核心标准”相一致的评价改革的需求,美国教育部通过“力争上游评价项目”资助两个评价联盟——“为大学与就业做准备评价联盟”(PARCC)和“更智能平衡评估联盟”(SBAC)——研制与“共同核心标准”相一致的评价体系,亦称为新一代评价体系。目前,PARCC联盟和SBAC联盟所研发的英语和数学评价体系已在美国的多个州与地区正式实施。2001年我国义务教育课程改革全面启动以来,对于教育质量的要求不断提升,如何借鉴他国经验建立科学的基于标准的学业评价体系引起关注。国家相继出台了一系列文件,强调建立基于标准的学业评价体系以提升基础教育质量的重要性和必要性。在此背景下,研究美国基于“共同核心标准”的新一代评价体系,探讨美国如何开发、如何实施新一代评价体系,这对我国建立、实施基于标准的学业评价体系具有很好的借鉴意义。本论文包括引言在内共分为八个部分。第一部分为引言部分,主要对论文的选题缘由、核心概念、研究内容框架以及研究方法等进行了界定,并对国内外的相关研究进行了综述。第一章在阐释公共政策过程理论的基础上,分析了应用政策阶段论和多源流理论进行美国新一代评价体系研究的适用性。第二章应用多源流理论从问题源流、政治源流以及政策源流三个方面分析了美国启动新一代评价体系政策的动因。第三章主要分析了美国如何研制新一代评价体系,包括“力争上游评价项目”的筹划与实施,以及新一代评价体系研制的主体、方法和主要程序;阐释了美国新一代评价体系的内容框架,包括评价的目标、评价的内容、评价体系的结构、评价的工具、评价结果的报告,并在此基础上比较了PARCC评价体系与SBAC评价体系的异同。第四章主要分析了新一代评价体系在美国各州的采纳情况。为了更清晰的描述州采纳新一代评价体系的状况,本章选取了马萨诸塞州和加利福尼亚州为个案进行具体分析。第五章主要分析了美国新一代评价体系的实施状况,概述了美国新一代评价体系实地测验和正式实施的情况,详述了新一代评价体系的实施主体和实施方式,并以加利福尼亚州为例具体分析了新一代评价体系在州层面实施的状况。第六章以有关研究结论以及统计数据为依据考察了美国新一代评价体系实施的效果,可以发现新一代评价体系的实施取得了一定的积极效果,同时实施过程中存在着一些问题与不足。第七章结合前文的研究总结了美国新一代评价体体系政策的主要特征,并在此基础上提出美国新一代评价体系政策给我国建立、实施基于标准的学业评价体系的有益启示。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of 1990s, the United States launched the "standard of education reform tide.2001 promulgation of the" No Child Left Behind Act > (NCLB) based on the school can not meet the standards of strict punishment. The United States in order to avoid punishment, have reduced state standard in order to make students this standard. Under the background, in 2010, the United States promulgated the "common core standards", "national students before entering university, the grade school received the same education standards, marked the beginning of the adoption and implementation of a unified national curriculum standards. At present, 42 states and the District of Columbia have adopted this a standard. In order to adapt to the state and area of evaluation and common core standards consistent with the needs of reform, the United States Department of education through the" Union funded two projects to strive for evaluation evaluation " "Prepare for college and Employment Evaluation Association (PARCC)" and "more intelligent balance assessment Alliance (SBAC) -- evaluation system development and common core standards consistent, also known as a new generation of evaluation system. At present, the evaluation system of PARCC and SBAC alliance to the development of English and mathematics in the United States a number of States and regions formally implemented in China.2001 compulsory education curriculum reform started since the rising demand for education quality, how to learn from the experience of other countries to establish a scientific academic evaluation system based on the standard of concern. The government has issued a series of documents, emphasizes the establishment of academic evaluation system based on the standard to improve and the necessity and importance to the quality of basic education. Under this background, the research based on the common core standards of a new generation of evaluation system, study the United States how to develop, how to implement the new generation The evaluation system for China's establishment, implementation of academic evaluation system based on the standard and has a good reference. This thesis consists of introduction, is divided into eight parts. The first part is the introduction part, the core concept of the dissertation, the reason, research framework and the research methods are defined, and related the research at home and abroad are reviewed. The first chapter based on the interpretation of public policy process theory, analyzes the applicability of a new generation of American policy evaluation system research stage theory and the theory of multiple streams. The application of the multiple streams theory from the origin problem of the second chapter, the three aspects of political origin and policy analysis of the United States origin start a new generation of motivation policy evaluation system. The third chapter mainly analyzes how the United States to develop a new generation of evaluation system, including the planning and implementation of project evaluation, and strive to " A new generation of evaluation system for subject, method and main program; explains the framework of the new generation of evaluation, including evaluation objectives, evaluation content, evaluation system structure, evaluation tools, evaluation results of the report, and on the basis of similarities and differences between the PARCC evaluation system and the evaluation system of SBAC. The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the new generation evaluation system in the adoption of the United States. In order to more clearly describe the States to adopt a new generation of evaluation system, this chapter has selected Massa Chusetts and California as the specific case analysis. The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the status of implementation of a new generation of evaluation system of the United States, overview the new generation of field testing and evaluation system of the formal implementation of the situation, on the subject of a new generation of evaluation system and implementation method, and taking California as an example has been analyzed A new generation of evaluation system in the implementation of the state level. In the sixth chapter, the conclusion of the study and statistics examines the implementation of a new generation of the evaluation system of the effect, can be found in the implementation of the new generation evaluation system has achieved some positive results, but in the implementation process there are some problems and shortcomings of the seventh chapter. Based on the above research summarized the main features of the policy system for a new generation of evaluation, and based on this new generation of American policy to China to establish the evaluation system, the implementation of valuable enlightenment academic evaluation system based on standard.

【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G571.2

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