儿童感知经验研究：价值、现状与策略

发布时间：2018-05-18 19:10

本文选题：儿童感知 + 感知经验　；参考：《江南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过身体建立与周围世界的联系,我们形成早期的人生经验。感知及其经验的丰富、深化构筑起儿童后续人生发展的“认知地基”和“意义母土”。但今天的孩子生活在一种敌视感官、忽视感知经验的环境中,感知及其经验的匮乏导致儿童身心发展的迟缓,甚至伴生诸多心理疾患,影响他们的健康成长,也是影响教育优质高效的深层根源。首先,本研究在文献综述的基础上,以感官发展的相关理论和具身认知理论为理论基础,梳理已有的感知经验相关研究现状,剖析感知经验的概念,澄清感知经验对儿童成长的重要意义。本研究认为儿童感知是儿童利用感觉器官形成感觉进而通过知觉对事物形成综合认识的一种心理过程;儿童的感知经验是通过感官形成的身体经验,这些经验是儿童身体经历活动后形成对事物的整体意识,具有主动性、情境性、具身性等特点。感知经验是儿童发展的基础,对儿童的概念形成和语言发展等具有不可替代的作用。其次,在明晰感知经验概念和梳理已有研究的基础上,本研究自编儿童感知经验调查问卷,经过预测和修订,最终正式问卷包括感知敏锐性、感知经验加工和感知体验性三个维度,问卷具有良好的信效度。运用自编的儿童感知经验调查问卷对451名小学中高年级儿童的调查发现,小学中高年级儿童的感知经验总体水平处于中等水平(M=3.82),具体表现为感知敏锐性(M=3.45)、感知经验加工(M=3.71)处于中等水平,感知体验性(M=4.22)处于高水平;差异分析的结果显示:不同性别、年级、出生地及是否独生子女的小学中高年级儿童感知经验存在显著差异,不同年龄、主要抚养人和不同课外辅导班数量儿童的感知经验不存在显著差异。最后,本研究在分析实证调查与以往研究基础上提出丰富儿童感知经验的相关策略。具体来说有如下几点:第一,尊重儿童认知规律,重视感知经验积累,主要从培养儿童的游戏力、加强感知教育和在自然中锻炼儿童的感官着手;第二,教育者要转变知识观、学习观与儿童观,重塑动态综合的知识观,重构自主的儿童观,还原儿童生活;第三,教育要与生活衔接,教育不能脱离生活,教学要有现场感,在课堂中解禁儿童的身体,提升儿童感知经验的品质。
[Abstract]:By establishing physical connections with the world around us, we develop early life experiences. The enrichment of perception and experience deepens the "cognitive foundation" and "meaning mother soil" for children's subsequent life development. But today's children live in an environment that is hostile to the senses and neglects the experience of perception. The lack of perception and experience leads to the retardation of children's physical and mental development, and even the accompanying psychological disorders, which affect their healthy growth. It is also the deep root that affects the quality and efficiency of education. Firstly, on the basis of literature review, based on the theory of sensory development and physical cognition, this paper analyzes the concept of perceptual experience by combing the existing research status. Clarify the importance of perceptual experience for children's development. This study holds that children's perception is a psychological process in which children use sensory organs to form sensation and then form a comprehensive understanding of things through perception, and children's perceptual experience is physical experience formed through sensory organs. These experiences form the whole consciousness of things after children's physical activities, and have the characteristics of initiative, situational, physical and so on. Perceptual experience is the basis of children's development and plays an irreplaceable role in the formation of children's concepts and language development. Secondly, on the basis of clarifying the concept of perceptual experience and combing the existing research, the questionnaire of children's perceptual experience is compiled by ourselves. After prediction and revision, the final formal questionnaire includes perceptual acuity. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity. A self-designed questionnaire on children's perceptual experience was used to investigate 451 children in middle and senior primary schools. The overall level of perceived experience of middle and senior grade children in primary school is 3.82%, which is manifested in the following aspects: perceptual acuity 3.45%, perceptual experience processing 3.71) and perceptual experiential experience 4.22). There were significant differences in the perceived experience of the children in grade, place of birth and whether the only child was in primary school, but there was no significant difference in the perceptual experience among the children of different ages, main caregivers and the number of extracurricular tutoring classes. Finally, on the basis of empirical investigation and previous studies, this study proposes strategies to enrich children's perceptual experience. Specifically, there are the following points: first, to respect the laws of children's cognition, to attach importance to the accumulation of perceptual experience, mainly to cultivate children's play power, to strengthen their perceptual education and to exercise their senses in nature; and second, to change their view of knowledge. Third, education should be connected with life, education should not be divorced from life, teaching should have a sense of scene, and the body of children should be lifted in class. Improve the quality of children's perceived experience.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.1

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