如何设计具有文化包容性的在线学习体验

发布时间：2018-07-24 13:54

【摘要】：我们认为对在线课程进行改编以适合不同文化群体使用需要将大量时间用在猜测上。本文提出用另一种方法取而代之,即教学设计者应该运用通用设计和社会建构主义原理营造一种能包容所有学习者的课程文化。文化在某些重要、相互关联的方面影响学习者体验。虽然如此,我们很难预测文化对学习的影响(GuildGarger,2016)。这些困难源于人类行为固有的复杂性。第一,个体不一定反映群体,尤其是在群体成员有不同价值观的情况下更是如此。第二,信念对彼此的影响难以预料,文化价值观可能情景化。第三,满足学习者文化偏好不一定能提高学习成果。我们借鉴托马斯、米切尔和约瑟夫(Thomas,MitchellJoseph,2002)的研究提出了一种不同方法,即教学设计者承认并考虑文化因素,但不尝试预测某一特定群体的独特需求。这点可以通过以下几个方面做到:反思文化价值观、明确设计目的 (体现文化包容性而非中立性)、传递期望,以及赋予学习者掌控权。文章最后介绍了智慧社区教学设计模式(Wis Com),阐述这种模式为什么尤其适合用于设计兼顾所有学习者文化体验的课程。Wis Com模式强调根据社会建构主义原理建设动态学习社区。对于基于Wis Com模式的在线课程而言,社区是学习体验的中心。该模式强调群体动力,为学习小组提供探讨原有价值观并协商新价值观的平台,从而凸显文化的重要性。
[Abstract]:We think that adapting online courses to suit different cultural groups requires a lot of time spent guessing. In this paper, another method is proposed, that is, instructional designers should use general design and social constructivism to create a curriculum culture that can accommodate all learners. Culture affects the learner's experience in some important, interrelated ways. Nevertheless, it is difficult to predict the impact of culture on learning (Guild Garger2016). These difficulties stem from the inherent complexity of human behavior. First, individuals do not necessarily reflect groups, especially when group members have different values. Second, the influence of belief on each other is unpredictable, and cultural values may be situational. Third, satisfying learners' cultural preferences does not necessarily improve learning outcomes. Drawing on Thomas Mitchell and Joseph 2002 we propose a different approach in which instructional designers recognize and consider cultural factors but do not attempt to predict the unique needs of a particular group. This can be done by reflecting on cultural values, defining design objectives (cultural inclusiveness rather than neutrality), conveying expectations, and empowering learners to take control. Finally, this paper introduces the intelligent community teaching design model (Wis Com), explains why this model is especially suitable for designing courses that take into account the cultural experience of all learners. The Wis Com model emphasizes the construction of dynamic learning community according to the principle of social constructivism. For online courses based on the Wis Com model, the community is the center of the learning experience. The model emphasizes group motivation and provides a platform for learning groups to discuss existing values and negotiate new values, thus highlighting the importance of culture.
【作者单位】：美国南佛罗里达大学彼得斯堡分校;美国新墨西哥大学;汕头广播电视大学;
【分类号】：G434

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