不良同伴与中职生未来取向的关系：内部发展资源的调节作用

发布时间：2018-07-29 19:28

【摘要】：个体如何思考和规划自己的未来可称为“未来取向”(future orientation),青少年期是未来取向迅速发展、分化和拓展的重要时期(Greene,1986),认知能力的发展和社会、家庭等方面的变化为青少年规划个人未来发展提供了条件和空间,使青少年对未来的思考更加现实、长远。另一方面,未来取向是一个社会化的过程,个体在向青春期过渡的过程中,社会性需要的发展最为迅速,他们渴望得到他人的尊重,希望与他人建立良好的人际关系,对同伴影响的敏感性增强,因此,同伴对于青少年心理和行为的发展具有重要的作用。研究证明,由于青少年身心发展的不成熟,如果在他们的同伴群体中有问题行为的同伴居多,那么他们更容易受到消极同伴群体的影响,出现消极的发展结果(如逃学、犯罪等),这些青少年很难认识到自己当前的行为与未来发展之间的联系,不利于其对未来目标的建构。中职生作为一个特殊的青少年群体,由于学校、社会和家长的忽视及人际环境的特点,他们可能更容易接触到不良同伴,受到不良同伴的消极影响,不利于自身的积极发展。在这种情况下,探讨中职生未来取向的保护因素更有意义。本研究采用横断研究设计,以山东省滨州市某中职学校的496名中职生为被试,采用不良同伴问卷、发展资源量表中的内部资源分量表和青少年未来取向问卷,通过青少年自我报告的方式收集中职生不良同伴水平、拥有内部发展资源和未来取向发展的相关数据,考察中职生不良同伴、内部发展资源和未来取向发展的特点以及它们之间的关系。研究发现:1、总体上,中职生的同伴群体中不良同伴较多;在中职生所拥有的内部发展资源中,得分最高的是积极价值观和社会能力;在未来取向方面,中职生对教育的投入最多,对婚姻的投入最少;2、中职生在不良同伴水平、内部发展资源和未来取向方面存在性别和年级差异。其中,女生同伴群体中不良同伴数量明显少于男生;一年级学生不良同伴数量显著多于二、三年级;在中职生所拥有的内部发展资源中,男生的自我肯定水平显著高于女生;三年级的学生在投身于学习和社会能力两个维度的得分显著高于一、二年级;在未来取向方面,三年级学生在教育、职业方面的探索和投入显著高于一、二年级;男生对婚姻的探索显著多于女生。3、中职生不良同伴水平与未来取向各维度呈显著负相关;与内部发展资源中的投身于学习、积极价值观和社会能力呈显著负相关;内部发展资源各维度与未来取向各维度呈显著正相关。4、不良同伴水平能显著负向预测中职生的未来取向;投身学习正向预测中职生的教育探索、教育投入和职业投入;积极价值观正向预测教育投入、职业探索、婚姻探索和婚姻投入;社会能力正向预测教育探索、婚姻探索和投入;自我肯定正向预测中职生的教育投入、职业探索、职业投入和婚姻探索。5、自我肯定在不良同伴对中职生职业探索的影响中有显著调节作用,即高水平的自我肯定能够减少不良同伴对中职生职业探索的消极影响;社会能力在不良同伴对婚姻投入的影响中有显著调节作用,即中职生的社会能力能缓和不良同伴对婚姻投入的消极影响;积极价值观在不良同伴对婚姻探索的影响中有显著调节作用,即中职生的积极价值观能缓和不良同伴对婚姻探索的消极影响。
[Abstract]:How individuals think and plan their future can be called "future orientation". Adolescence is an important period of rapid development, differentiation and expansion of future orientation (Greene, 1986). The development of cognitive ability and social and family changes provide the conditions and space for the future development of youth planning. The thinking of the future is more realistic and long-term. On the other hand, future orientation is a socialized process. In the course of the transition to adolescence, the development of social needs is the fastest. They desire to be respected by others, hope to establish good interpersonal relationship with others, enhance the sensitivity to the influence of their peers, and therefore, companion pair The development of adolescents' psychology and behavior has an important role to play. It has proved that, because of the immature development of the adolescents and adolescents, they are more vulnerable to negative peer groups and negative development results (such as truancy, crime, etc.). It is difficult to realize the connection between the current behavior and the future development, which is not conducive to the construction of the future goals. As a special teenager, secondary vocational students may be more easily exposed to bad companions because of the neglect of school, society and parents and the characteristics of interpersonal environment. In this case, it is more meaningful to explore the protection factors of the future orientation of secondary vocational students. In this study, 496 secondary vocational students in a secondary vocational school in Binzhou, Shandong Province, were used as subjects, and a questionnaire of bad companions was adopted to develop the internal resource scale in the resource scale and the adolescent future orientation questionnaire. The adolescents' self reporting method collects the level of secondary vocational students' bad companions, and has relevant data on the development of internal development resources and future orientation, and investigates the characteristics of secondary vocational students' bad companions, internal development resources and future orientation development and their relationship. 1, in general, there are more bad companions among the secondary vocational students. In the internal development resources the secondary vocational students have, the highest score is the positive values and social ability; in the future orientation, the secondary vocational students have the most input to education and the least investment in marriage; 2, the secondary vocational students have gender and grade differences in the level of bad companions, internal development resources and future orientation. Among them, the female peer group is the female peer group. The number of bad companions in the body was significantly less than that of the boys; the number of bad companions in the first grade students was significantly more than two, grade three; in the internal development resources of the secondary vocational students, the self affirmation level of the boys was significantly higher than that of the girls; the scores of the students in grade three were significantly higher than those of the first and two grades in the two dimensions of learning and social competence. In terms of orientation, the exploration and investment of grade three students in education and occupation were significantly higher than that of grade one and grade two; male students' exploration of marriage was significantly more than that of girls'.3, and the level of bad companions of secondary vocational students was negatively correlated with the dimensions of future orientation; and the positive values and social abilities were significantly negative with the internal development resources. There is a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of internal development resources and the various dimensions of future orientation.4, and the negative peer level can significantly negatively predict the future orientation of the secondary vocational school students; the positive values are positively predicted for the secondary vocational school students' education exploration, education input and professional input; positive values are forward to pre test education input, career exploration, marriage exploration and marriage investment. Social ability is positively predicting educational exploration, marriage exploration and investment; self affirmation is positively predicting the education input of secondary vocational students, career exploration, career investment and marriage exploration.5, self affirmation has a significant adjustment in the influence of bad companions on Vocational exploration of secondary vocational students, that is, the high level of self affirmation can reduce the bad partner's pairs. The negative effect of social competence on the impact of bad companions on marriage investment, that is, the social ability of the secondary vocational students can alleviate the negative influence of the bad companions on the marriage investment, and the positive values have a significant adjustment in the influence of the bad companions on the marriage exploration, that is, the positive values of the secondary vocational students. It can alleviate the negative influence of bad companions on marital exploration.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G444

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