朋辈心理辅导对高一新生心理适应的干预研究

发布时间：2018-07-30 06:22

【摘要】：适应是人类发展的一个永恒话题,心理适应性更是衡量一个人的发展性能力的重要指标,而新生入学适应问题是高一学生发展中普遍要面临的问题,学校的入学适应辅导活动应面向全体学生进行。当前,学校专业心理咨询老师的不足及许多学生对心理辅导的敏感,使得我们要探索一种能够面向全体学生、形式丰富并行之有效的心理健康教育模式即朋辈心理辅导模式。朋辈心理辅导模式作为学校心理健康教育工作的一种新的形式已被引入我国高校,但鲜有服务于中学的。近几年,朋辈心理辅导技术被积极引用,在我国台湾等地经过实施已经取得良好的效果,因实施方便、推广性强、见效快等特点逐渐受到重视。国内的心理适应性研究主要集中在实证和干预研究两个方面,而对于干预研究主要是集中于大学的入学新生,有关高一新生的心理适应性的干预研究很却相对较少。本研究首先以达拉特旗第一中学普通高中高一学生为样本,采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表—适应素质分量表》普查高一全体学生的心理适应状况。本研究共发放问卷987份,回收有效问卷916份,回收率为96%。其次,在普查结果的基础上随机抽取高一年级中的两个班,经检验两个班为同质,于是将两个自然班分别作为实验班和控制班。最后,针对高一新生的身心发展特点和普遍面临的入学适应问题自编朋辈心理辅导干预方案,在优秀的班干部中选拔朋辈心理辅导员,并对其进行相关培训以及在朋辈心理辅导员的工作过程中进行定期问题反馈和督导,通过对实验班十次朋辈心理辅导干预研究后,将控制班、实验班的结果进行比较分析后得出以下结论:1.对达拉特旗第一中学高中一年级全体学生进行了心理适应素质调查结果表明:高一新生的心理适应平均水平为67.71。2.不同就读方式的高一新生心理适应性存在显著性差异;不同班级在心理适应素质量表上学习适应达到显著性的差异且M火M重M普;家境不同的高一新生心理适应水平达到显著性的差异;不同民族、独生与非独生子女的高一新生在心理适应上未达到显著性的差异。3.从实验班和控制班后测结果的比较得出:朋辈心理辅导的干预训练对提高高一新生心理适应水平有显著的作用,表明朋辈心理辅导对高一新生心理适应有显著的作用;同时也说明针对高中一年级新生的心理适应朋辈心理辅导方案具有可行性和有效性。4.本研究中的朋辈心理辅导对提高高一年级新生的心理适应性水平有显著性效果,并为学校心理健康教育开辟了新的教育模式。5.控制班在日常心理健康教育教学的影响下生活适应达到了显著性的差异,而朋辈心理辅导的实验班除了生理适应外,其它各维度均达到了显著性的差异。
[Abstract]:Adaptation is an eternal topic of human development, and psychological adaptability is an important index to measure a person's developmental ability. The school entrance adaptation guidance activities should be carried out for all students. At present, the deficiency of professional psychological counseling teachers and the sensitivity of many students to psychological counseling make us explore a kind of psychological health education model, which is the peer psychological counseling model, which is rich and effective for all the students. As a new form of mental health education in schools, peer counseling model has been introduced into colleges and universities in China, but few of them serve middle schools. In recent years, the technology of peer psychological counseling has been actively used, and has achieved good results in China, Taiwan and other places. Due to the characteristics of convenient implementation, strong popularization, quick effect and so on, attention has been paid to it gradually. The study of psychological adaptability in China is mainly focused on empirical and intervention studies, while the intervention research is mainly focused on college freshmen, but there are relatively few studies on psychological adaptability of freshmen in senior high school. In this study, the first senior high school students in the first high school of Dalat Banner as a sample, using the "Adolescent Mental Health Quality-Adolescent Mental Health quality Sub-scale" to survey the psychological adaptation of all the students in the first year of senior high school. In this study, 987 questionnaires were sent out, 916 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate was 96%. Secondly, on the basis of the results of the census, two classes in grade one of senior high school were randomly selected, and the two classes were examined as homogeneity, so the two natural classes were regarded as experimental classes and control classes respectively. Finally, aiming at the physical and mental development characteristics of freshmen and the general problems of school entrance adaptation, the self-designed peer psychological counseling intervention program is designed to select peer psychological counselors from among the outstanding class cadres. And through training and regular question feedback and supervision in the process of peer counselors, through the experimental class 10 peer psychological counseling intervention research, will control the class, After comparative analysis of the results of the experimental class, the following conclusion is reached: 1. The results of the investigation on the psychological adaptability of all the first grade students in the first middle school of Dalat Banner show that the average level of mental adaptation of the freshmen is 67.71.2. There were significant differences in mental adaptability of freshmen with different ways of study, significant differences in learning adaptation in different classes on the scale of mental adaptation quality, and significant differences in learning adaptability in different classes. The level of psychological adaptation of freshmen from different families reached significant difference, and the psychological adaptation of freshmen with only and non-only children from different nationalities did not reach significant difference. 3. From the comparison of the test results between the experimental class and the control class, it is concluded that the intervention training of peer counseling plays a significant role in improving the psychological adaptation level of freshmen in senior one, indicating that peer counseling plays a significant role in the psychological adaptation of freshmen. At the same time, it also shows that the psychological counseling program for the freshmen in the first grade of high school is feasible and effective. The peer counseling in this study has a significant effect on improving the psychological adaptability of freshmen in the first year of senior high school, and has opened up a new educational model for the mental health education in schools. Under the influence of daily mental health education, the control class achieved significant difference in life adaptation, while the experimental class of peer psychological guidance achieved significant differences in all dimensions except physical adaptation.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G448

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