中美大学生资助体系比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 01:24

本文关键词：中美大学生资助体系比较研究　出处：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济地快速发展,世界各国对于各类专门人才的需求在不断扩大,与此同时,单位教育成本也在不断攀升,加之高等教育就学人数、规模地不断扩大,大学生资助问题日益凸显,人们越来越重视大学生资助体系在保障教育公平、促进教育事业发展方面所发挥的作用。美国实施的是多种资助理念并存、多种筹资渠道并用、多种资助方案并行的混合多元资助体系,这种资助体系对世界各国大学生资助体系地建立和完善都具有一定的借鉴意义。我国的大学生资助体系是伴随着1999年高校招生就业地全面并轨而发展起来的,目前已经逐步形成包括奖、助、贷、免、勤在内的相对完整的体系。但是由于贫困生的数量增多,资助需求也越来越大,如何更加有效地发挥大学生资助体系的作用,成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文在介绍大学生资助体系基本情况的基础上,以比较的视角切入,对中美两国的大学生资助体系进行比较研究,采用纵向比较和横向比较相结合的研究方法,从而为完善我国大学生资助体系提出建议。纵向比较体现在第三章和第四章,以历史发展为线索,对中美两国大学生资助体系的理念、发展历程进行比较；横向比较集中在第五章,主要从资助项目、资助资金、资助对象、资助立法、学生贷款偿还五个方面进行比较。通过研究后发现：中美两国都形成了具有各自特色的大学生资助体系,并且随着社会经济地快速发展,日趋完善的大学生资助体系,不断地推动着高等教育事业地发展,也促进了教育公平地实现。但是我国的资助体系和美国相比,起步较晚,还存在着一些问题,如资金来源单一,社会力量参与不足；缺乏量化的贫困生认定标准；学生贷款偿还制度不健全,资助体系立法不完备等。在此基础上,提出了完善我国大学生资助体系的对策建议：一是要拓宽资助资金的筹集渠道；二是要量化资助对象的认定标准；三是强化资助体系的信用机制；四是要健全资助体系的立法内容。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, the demand for all kinds of specialized personnel is expanding in the world. At the same time, the unit cost of education is also rising, in addition to the number of students in higher education, the scale is expanding. The problem of college student financial aid is becoming more and more prominent, and people pay more and more attention to the role of university student financial aid system in ensuring education fairness and promoting the development of education. The United States has implemented a mixed and diversified funding system with multiple funding concepts, multiple funding channels and parallel multiple funding schemes. This funding system has certain reference significance for the establishment and perfection of the university student financial aid system in the world. The university student financial aid system of our country developed along with the comprehensive integration of the university enrollment and employment in 1999. Of. At present, a relatively complete system including awards, aid, loans, exemptions, and diligence has been gradually formed. However, with the increase in the number of poor students, there is a growing demand for financial assistance. How to play a more effective role in the college student funding system has become a problem to be solved. On the basis of introducing the basic situation of the university student financial aid system, this paper makes a comparative study on the university student financial aid system between China and the United States from the perspective of comparison. This paper adopts the research method of combining longitudinal comparison with horizontal comparison, and puts forward some suggestions for perfecting the university student financial aid system of our country. The longitudinal comparison is reflected in the third chapter and 4th chapter, taking the historical development as the clue. Compare the concept and development of the aid system between China and the United States; Horizontal comparison focuses on Chapter 5th, mainly from the funding projects, funding, funding objects, funding legislation. By comparing the five aspects of student loan repayment, it is found that both China and the United States have formed their own characteristics of the university student funding system, and along with the rapid development of social economy. The increasingly perfect financial aid system for college students promotes the development of higher education and the fair realization of education. However, compared with the United States, the funding system of our country starts relatively late, there are still some problems. If the source of funds is single, the participation of social forces is insufficient; Lack of quantitative identification criteria for poor students; The system of student loan repayment is not perfect, and the legislation of financial aid system is not perfect. On this basis, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to perfect the system of college students' aid: first, to widen the channels of raising financial aid funds; Second, it is necessary to quantify the criteria for the identification of the object of financial assistance; Third, strengthen the credit mechanism of the financial support system; Fourth, it is necessary to improve the legislative content of the subsidy system.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647

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