我国高校去行政化及改革路径

发布时间：2018-01-12 14:09

本文关键词：我国高校去行政化及改革路径　出处：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自1949年新中国成立后,我国照搬苏联的模式,对高校实行中央集权制管理体制。高校的级别不是按照教育质量的好坏、科研成果的优劣、学术水平的高低和社会影响力的大小等标准来进行划分,而是按照国家行政机关的组织管理模式,以行政级别来进行划分。高校被划入事业单位,在管理上套用行政管理体制的模式来进行管理。我国各高等院校内部组织结构与运行模式也参照行政机关的模式,造成部门庞杂,管理层级多,按照行政管理原则将校内的教学部门和教职员工安排在不同的管理层级之中。高校内部管理机构设置与行政机构的部门设置如出一辙,如党委、校办、人事处、组宣部、统战部、纪检处、财务处、保卫处、团委、后勤处等组织,行政化色彩浓厚,再加上学校特有的教务处、学工部、科研处等部门。管理部门杂多,行政人员比例过大,造成行政部门人浮于事,人员的冗余。目前,我国高校大多沿用这种传统的管理和运行模式,这样自上而下的层级式管理体制,致使大学越来越行政化,背离了现代高校的运行规律,背离了高等教育自身发展逻辑和现代高校制度的基本理念,给高等教育的发展带来了诸多不利的影响,如大学理念的迷失,办学自主权的受限,高校办学水平受到制约。如果不根除,高校将不再是高校,高校所肩负的中华民族振兴的希望也将不会实现。由于官本位思想传统的根深蒂固,而且体制改革将触及实权派行政人员的权力与经济利益,所以只靠取消行政级别解决高校行政化问题是难以彻底的,而且极易卷土重来。因此,高校去行政化改革将是一项艰难、复杂的系统性工程,必须抓住问题的主要矛盾,从根本上加以解决。转变官本位思想观念,从根本上去除教育行政化趋势并防止其死灰复燃,建构高校自身的价值标准。高校的价值就在于教育本身,人才培养质量、科研水平、学术水平、社会影响力是教育价值的体现。整合这些价值标准构建符合自身价值规律的高校评价体系,不以行政级别高低来评价高校的优劣。高校组织系统是一个包含着学术子系统和行政子系统的二元制组织结构,两个子系统是相辅相成,并行不悖的,简单地否定其中任何一个都是不可取的。高校是教育部门、学术部门,高校内部的管理是一种特殊性、专门性的管理活动,与行政部门不同,应该具备自身特殊的组织原则与管理模式。但是目前中国高校和行政部门相同,按照行政管理的模式在运行,明显给高校的运行带来大量问题,阻碍高校的正常发展,不符合现代高等教育的发展逻辑,因此必须要进行改革,取而代之为适合高校自身运行规律的管理机制。高校去行政化改革就是变革学术权力与行政权力失衡的现状,强化学术权力,弱化行政权力,减少行政权力对教育教学、学术科研的影响,使学术权力与行政权力相互协作,相互促进,推动高校科学发展。改革内部管理机构,逐步缩减党政相关部门,通过精简、撤销与合并对高校行政管理部门进行扁平化改革,以行政办公中心取代原来诸多科层级的组织设置,有些部门和事务还可进行市场化改革尝试,如餐饮、物业等。推动高校内部管理体制改革,充分发挥学术委员会、教学委员会、教职工代表大会、学生代表大会的作用。鼓励探索建立高校董事会或理事会,充分利用社会资源,增强高校办学活力,让更多的社会人士为学校的科学发展提供咨询或参与决策,使高校更好地面向社会自主办学。协调办学者与举办者之间的关系,正确处理两者之间的矛盾,这是解决高校外部行政化的重要举措。这样就会从根本上移除高校内部行政化的根基,打破外部行政化与内部行政化形成恶性循环的深层逻辑。改革的措施主要是对高校的所有权与管理权进行分离,政府从传统的直接管理角色变为间接管理,从管理高校转换为服务高校,充分遵循高校办学的原则与规律,不干涉高校的学术事务,让大学能够真正的、充分的自主办学。政府转变管理方式,充分发挥宏观调控功能,负责全国的或所管辖地区的高等教育工作的发展规划和统筹管理。原有高校的行政级别应该尽快撤销,还原高校作为专门性学术机构的本来面目。高校作为教育性、学术性机构,要善于充分发挥教育教学、学术科研方面的自主权,提高自主办学、自主管理能力,履行办学者的应有职责。同时,协调高校办学主体和举办主体之间的关系,应建立具有评估服务、监督管理、公证鉴定、社会沟通、信息咨询等职能的第三方高等教育评估中介机构。因此,去行政化的精髓,不仅仅是取消行政级别,更在于规范行政权力,督促行政权力恪尽职责、恪守边界。同时,在学术领域,还要建立一套独立于行政权力之外的评价体系,让学术机构按照自己的评价标准区分出高低,以其对人类的贡献赢得尊重。这样,学术权力才能摆脱行政权力的束缚,去行政化才能获得有力保障。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of new China in 1949 after China, copying the Soviet model, the implementation of centralized management system of colleges and universities. The university level is not in accordance with the quality of education, scientific research quality, academic level and social influence of the size of the standard to be divided, but according to the state administrative organs of the organization and management model to by the division of the administrative level. Colleges and universities were assigned to institutions, apply the administrative management system in the management mode of management. The universities and colleges in our country internal organization structure and the operation mode according to the administrative organ of the Department of management mode, resulting in complex, multi levels, in accordance with the administrative principle of the school teaching department and staff arrangement at different levels of management. Set up internal management mechanism and administrative institution of university departments set up exactly the same, such as party, run, personnel department, group Xuanbu, EC The War Department, discipline inspection department, financial department, security department, the Communist Youth League, logistics department and other organizations, administrative color is strong, coupled with the Dean, the school special science department, research department and other departments. Administrative departments of miscellaneous, administrative staff ratio is too large, resulting in the administrative department of personnel. At present, more personnel than work available, redundant, management and the operation mode of Chinese universities mostly follow the traditional, hierarchical management system superincumbently, resulting in more and more university administration, from the operation rules of modern colleges and universities, from the higher education development logic and modern university system's basic concept, has brought many negative effects to the development of higher education, such as college the concept of lost school autonomy is limited, the level of higher education is restricted. If not eradicated, will no longer be in Colleges and universities, universities shoulder the revitalization of the Chinese nation's hope will not be realized.
Because the official standard thought tradition and reform will touch the ingrained, powerful executive power and economic interests, so only to cancel the administrative level to solve the problems of administrative is difficult to completely, and easily return. Therefore, to the administration of the university reform will be a difficult and complicated systematic engineering. We must seize the main contradiction problem, to be solved fundamentally. Change the idea of official standard, remove the trend of administrative education fundamentally and prevent the construction of value standard of universities a stirring among the dry bones,. The value of university lies in the education itself, the quality of personnel training, scientific research, academic level, social influence is reflected in the value of education the integration of these values. With the construction of the evaluation of the law of value, not to the administrative level to evaluate the pros and cons of the university system is a group. Contain the academic system and the administrative system of the two element system organization structure, two subsystems are complementary and run parallel, simply deny any of them are not desirable. The education department, academic department, university internal management is a kind of special management, special activities, different and administrative departments should have their own special principle of organization and management mode. But at present China universities and administrative departments of the same, according to the administrative management mode in the operation, to bring a lot of problems in operation, hinder the normal development of colleges and universities, does not meet the development logic of modern higher education, therefore, must carry on the reform, instead of management the mechanism for the operation rules of the University. To the administrative reform is the status quo of academic power and administrative power reform, strengthen the academic power and administrative power weakening, Reduce the administrative power of education teaching, influence of academic research, the academic power and administrative power, mutual cooperation, mutual promotion, promote scientific development in Colleges and universities. The reform of the internal management mechanism, gradually reduce the party and government departments, by streamlining, cancellation or merger Department flat for reform of the University Administration, many of the organizations to replace the original level to set up administrative office center, some departments and business can also carry out market reform attempts, such as catering, property and so on. To promote the reform of the internal management system, give full play to the academic committee, the education committee, the staff congress, student congress role. Encourage the exploration of establishing university board or Council, make full use of social resources. To enhance the vitality of universities, let more people to provide consultation for the scientific development of school or university to participate in decision-making, better social autonomy Run a school.
Coordinate the relationship between operators and their sponsors, correctly handle the contradiction between the two, this is an important measure to solve the external administration. This will fundamentally remove the internal administration of the foundation, deep logic break external administration and internal administration of the formation. The vicious spiral reform measures is mainly on the ownership the administrative power and the separation of the government from the traditional direct management role into indirect management, from the management of colleges and universities into service of University, the principle and rules fully follow college education, do not interfere with academic affairs, let the university can truly, fully independent schools. The transformation of government management mode, give full play to the function of macro regulation development, planning and overall management for higher education work throughout the country or areas of jurisdiction. The original administrative level should be abolished as soon as possible to restore the University as Specialized academic institutions are. As college education, academic institutions, should give full play to the education, the autonomy of the academic research, improve the autonomy, self-management ability, fulfill their duties to scholars. At the same time, the relationship between the coordination of the main school and held between the main body should be established with assessment services the supervision and management, notarization and appraisal, social communication, the third party information consultation and other functions of the higher education evaluation agency.
Therefore, to the essence of the administration, not just cancel the administrative level, more is to regulate the administrative power, the administrative power supervision duty, with the boundary. At the same time, in the academic field, but also set up a set of independent administrative power evaluation system, to identify their own academic institutions in accordance with the evaluation criteria of district level, with its contribution to win the respect of human bondage. So, in order to get rid of administrative power and academic power, administration can get effective protection.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2;D630

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