“高等教育入学机会公平评价指标体系”的构建与应用

发布时间：2018-03-09 17:45

本文选题：入学机会　切入点：高等教育公平　出处：《兰州大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国正在从消除由阶级差距造成的教育机会的不平等到促进更大的社会流动的有差距的平等迈进,而且,目前自主招生忽视对弱势群体的学业补偿、少数民族身份造假带来的民众对民族加分政策的质疑、以及高考移民现象透露出的高等教育入学机会的省际差距等问题都证实着建立合理的高等教育入学机会公平评价指标体系不仅尤为重要,而且已迫在眉睫。本文通过实证研究和因子分析法建立了高等教育入学机会公平评价指标体系,体系由五个一级指标和十个二级指标构成。文章分别从地区和维度两个方面对该体系进行了分析应用,并阐述了高等教育入学机会在五维度上出现差距的原因。基于以上研究,得出以下结论：①省际差距和城乡差距均普遍高于民族差距和性别差距；②西南地区的高等教育入学机会最为不公,华东最为公平,华北处于中间程度。③阶层指数在地域上的基尼系数是最高的,是造成入学机会最为不公的一项指数；④华北、东北和华南的入学机会指数较为接近,为一类；华东、华中、西北为一类。⑤各地区的高等教育财政性经费越少,当地入学机会的性别和阶层差距越大；⑥教学和评价中的补偿性教育理念愈明显,入学机会的民族差距和城乡差距越大；⑦家庭的社会关系资本越小,入学机会的省际差距越大。希望该体系能够为客观科学的评价高等教育入学机会公平状况提供依据,并以此监督和改善我国高等教育招生制度的改革。
[Abstract]:Our country is moving from eliminating inequalities in educational opportunities caused by class disparities to equality in promoting greater social mobility, and, at present, independent enrolment ignores academic compensation for vulnerable groups. The people's doubts about the ethnic bonus policy brought about by the false identity of ethnic minorities, The problems such as the gap between provinces of higher education entrance opportunities revealed by the emigration phenomenon of college entrance examination have proved that it is not only particularly important to establish a reasonable evaluation index system of higher education entrance opportunities. And it is urgent. This paper establishes a fair evaluation index system of higher education entrance opportunity through empirical research and factor analysis. The system is composed of five primary indicators and ten secondary indicators. This paper analyzes and applies the system from the two aspects of region and dimension, and expounds the reasons for the disparity in the five dimensions of higher education entrance opportunities. Based on the above research, we can draw the following conclusions: the gap between provinces and urban and rural areas is generally higher than that between ethnic groups and gender gaps. In southwest China, higher education opportunities are the most unfair, and East China is the fairest. The Gini coefficient of the middle-class index in North China is the highest in the region, and it is the most unfair index in terms of enrollment opportunities. 4. In North China, the index of admission opportunities in Northeast and South China is relatively close, which is a class; East China, Central China, The smaller the financial funds for higher education in the Northwest of China is, the greater the gender and class gap in local entrance opportunities is. 6 the more obvious is the idea of compensatory education in teaching and evaluation. The greater the gap between the ethnic groups and the urban and rural areas, the smaller the social capital of families, and the greater the inter-provincial gap. It is hoped that this system can provide a basis for the objective and scientific evaluation of the fair situation of higher education admission opportunities, and thus supervise and improve the reform of China's higher education enrollment system.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.2

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