论大学社会角色冲突的演进

发布时间：2018-03-23 19:29

本文选题：大学　切入点：社会角色　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：大学生长于社会边界之内，是社会有机体的重要智力器官。探讨大学与社会之间所蕴含的关系，自然成为高等教育理论界一个不可忽视的课题。然而，如果仅仅从原有政治、经济、文化等宏观视角对这些问题进行分析，，显然已无法满足认识的需要。引入互动理论中的角色概念，将大学视为社会舞台中的主角，展现它与社会各要素间的相互关系，则能从更加微观的层面理解大学与社会的关系问题。通过对社会学中角色概念的深入剖析与归纳总结，并结合大学组织自身特点，大学社会角色可以理解为，处于一定社会地位中的大学，对与之发生互动关系的客体的期望所反映的行为模式。其中，大学与外界客体发生互动关系是其社会角色产生的条件；外界客体对大学的期望是大学扮演社会角色的外在动力；大学自身所反映出的行为模式是其社会角色的存在形式。由于受到多重外界客体的影响，大学不可避免要扮演各种角色，但是这些角色间往往存在着矛盾与冲突。根据上述对大学社会角色内涵的解读，沿着互动、期望和行为模式三个维度，分别对中世纪巴黎大学，19世纪柏林大学以及20世纪麻省理工学院所面临的角色冲突进行考察。从中可以发现：中世纪巴黎大学处于扮演宗教角色与世俗角色冲突之中；19世纪柏林大学处于扮演人文精英角色与民族国家角色冲突之中；20世纪麻省理工学院处于扮演政府角色与企业角色冲突之中。大学社会角色的冲突，虽然有其破坏性的一面，但是这种冲突在构建大学组织结构、开创大学自治管理模式与树立学术自由理念等方面也具有正面功能。大学社会角色冲突的演进并非是杂乱无章、无规可循的教育现象。自中世纪始，大学先后受到神学、哲学与科学三种主流知识的统摄，主流知识的更迭与发展，是大学社会角色冲突演进的内部主导因素。从外部环境而言，大学又先后经历了由教会至世俗、由人文精英至民族国家、由政府至企业三对权力主体的牵制，每一次权力主体的更替都必然带来角色冲突的变迁。随着人类对知识探索的深入与社会权力主体的变更，大学社会角色冲突将沿着二者为其构筑的边界继续向前发展。
[Abstract]:It is an important intellectual organ of social organism for college students to grow up within the social boundary. To probe into the relationship between university and society has naturally become a problem that can not be ignored in the theoretical circle of higher education. However, if only from the original politics, It is obvious that the analysis of these problems from the macro perspective of economy and culture can no longer meet the need of cognition. By introducing the concept of role in the theory of interaction, the university is regarded as the protagonist in the social stage, showing the interrelationship between it and the various elements of society. Can understand the relationship between university and society from a more micro level. By deeply analyzing and summarizing the concept of role in sociology and combining with the characteristics of university organization itself, the social role of university can be understood as a university in a certain social position. The behavior pattern reflected by the expectation of the object with which the interaction takes place, in which the interaction between the university and the external object is the condition of its social role, the expectation of the external object towards the university is the external motive force for the university to play the social role; The behavior pattern reflected by the university itself is the existence form of its social role. Due to the influence of many external objects, the university inevitably has to play various roles. However, there are often contradictions and conflicts between these roles. According to the above interpretation of the connotation of university social role, along the three dimensions of interaction, expectation and behavior pattern, The conflict between the role of the University of Paris in the Middle Ages and the University of Berlin in the 19th century and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 20th century is examined respectively. It can be found that the University of Paris in the Middle Ages was in conflict between the religious role and the secular role. In the 19th century, the University of Berlin was in conflict between the role of the humanistic elite and the role of the nation-state, and in the 20th century MIT was in the conflict between the role of government and the role of enterprise. Although it has its destructive side, this kind of conflict also has the positive function in constructing the university organization structure, creating the university autonomy management mode and setting up the academic freedom idea and so on. The evolution of social role conflict in universities is not a random and irregular phenomenon of education. Since the Middle Ages, universities have been subject to the unity of theology, philosophy and science, and the change and development of mainstream knowledge. From the external environment, the university has experienced from the church to the secular, from the humanistic elite to the nation-state, from the government to the enterprise to control the power of the main body, from the external environment, from the church to the secular, from the humanistic elite to the nation-state, from the government to the enterprise. With the deepening of human knowledge exploration and the change of social power subject, the conflict of university social role will continue to develop along the boundary constructed for it.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.565

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