民国时期现代大学制度演变研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:13

本文选题：民国时期　切入点：现代大学制度　出处：《复旦大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要2010—2020》中第四十条提出：完善中国特色现代大学制度。现代大学制度在高等教育研究中具有基础性和综合性的研究价值。要想研究中国大学制度的应然,首先应该了解它的实然,但这种应然的内容肯定已部分存在于目前甚至之前的大学制度的实然当中。民国时期现代大学制度的演变有一定的经验与教训,值得今天借鉴,即以史为鉴、以史为镜,以史为证。民国时期,中国社会处于一个动荡、转型时期,无论是社会政治、经济,还是文化、价值观念都发生着质的变革,教育也成为社会变迁的重要组成部分。由于这个特殊的历史背景,中国的高等教育事业展现了独特的面貌。研究现代大学制度是为研究大学精神做铺垫,所以从制度分析这一视角对大学精神发育进行迂回间接研究,从而揭示“制度涵养精神、精神型塑制度”的交互作用关系,从大学制度的演变描述中隐含着大学精神流变的轨迹。本文即是以民国时期为背景,探讨中国现代大学制度的起源和演变,同时是以西方现代大学制度的起源和发展为参照的。第一部分分析现代大学制度的内涵、特征、结构和法律形式,现代大学制度是围绕两个基本问题展开的：一是大学组织的高度社会化后,如何平衡好大学与社会的关系问题；二是面对大学与社会之间日益复杂的关系,大学如何解决好自身持续、有效、健康发展的问题。其核心是在政府宏观调控下,面向社会自主办学,实行民主管理。大学自治和学术自由是现代大学制度的基本特征。大学章程是大学的根本“宪法”,它作为上承国家法律、教育法规,下启大学具体规章制度的中转站,是一所大学的总体精神面貌。第二部分分阶段对现代大学制度萌芽、发展、成熟作总体回顾。民国时期的大学主要分三类：国立、私立和教会大学。文章分别三章介绍这三类大学的发展过程,从内在层面分析大学内部课程设置、办学机制、教学方法、师资建设、经费来源等问题,从外在层面分析大学与政府的关系,大学与政治、经济、文化等社会因素之间的关系。最后对民国时期现代大学制度的发展作因素分析,在此基础上得出当前现代大学制度存在的问题,以及提出解决的建议和措施。
[Abstract]:Article 40 of the outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan 2010-2020 puts forward: to perfect the modern university system with Chinese characteristics. The modern university system has the basic and comprehensive research value in the research of higher education. The study of the University system in China, First of all, we should understand its reality, but the content of this kind of supposed reality must have existed in the reality of the present or even the previous university system. The evolution of the modern university system during the Republic of China has some experience and lessons, which is worth learning from today. During the period of the Republic of China, Chinese society was in a period of turbulence, transition, whether it was social politics, economy, or culture, and the concept of values had undergone a qualitative change. Education has also become an important part of social change. Because of this special historical background, the cause of higher education in China has shown a unique outlook. The study of modern university system is to pave the way for the study of the spirit of university. Therefore, from the perspective of institutional analysis, the author makes a roundabout and indirect study on the spiritual development of the university, thus revealing the interactive relationship between the "institutional cultivation of spirit and the shaping of spiritual system". From the description of the evolution of the university system, there is a trace of the evolution of the university spirit. This paper discusses the origin and evolution of the modern university system in China against the background of the Republic of China. At the same time, it refers to the origin and development of the modern university system in the West. The first part analyzes the connotation and characteristics of the modern university system. In terms of structure and legal form, the modern university system revolves around two basic problems: one is how to balance the relationship between university and society after the highly socialized university organization, the other is facing the increasingly complicated relationship between university and society. How to solve the problem of sustainable, effective and healthy development of the university is the core of which is to run a school independently of the society under the macro-control of the government. University autonomy and academic freedom are the basic features of the modern university system. The university charter is the fundamental "constitution" of the university, which serves as a transit station for the state laws, educational regulations, and the specific rules and regulations of the university. The second part is a general review of the germination, development and maturity of the modern university system. During the period of the Republic of China, the universities were mainly divided into three categories: the State, Private and ecclesiastical universities. The article introduces the development process of these three kinds of universities in three chapters, and analyzes the internal curriculum, the mechanism of running a school, the teaching method, the construction of teachers, the source of funds, and so on. The relationship between university and government, the relationship between university and political, economic, cultural and other social factors are analyzed from the external level. Finally, the development of modern university system in the period of the Republic of China is analyzed. On this basis, the problems existing in the current modern university system, as well as suggestions and measures are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G649.29

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