中美大学思想政治教育比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 06:11

本文选题：中国 + 美国　；参考：《大连理工大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：大学思想政治教育作为实现大学“育人”过程的重要组成部分,对培养德才兼备的全面发展的高素质人才起到了举足轻重的作用。它的主要任务在于培养学生除专业领域的知识与能力以外的政治观念、思想意识、道德品质以及健康心理等思想政治素质。因此,世界各国为了在以人才为核心竞争力的国际博弈中取得独特的人才资源优势,十分重视大学思想政治教育对学生进行的以政治素质教育为核心的思想政治教育工作,积极探索大学思想政治教育的普遍规律,以求得在增强学生对国家主流意识形态的认同、学生综合能力提高的同时,最大程度地实现大学思想政治教育的有效性。中美两国作为世界创新人才培养的主要大国,其大学思想政治教育对于创新型高素质人才综合素质,特别是思想政治素质的培养起到了至关重要的作用。本文通过系统地比较分析中美大学思想政治教育在历史发展轨迹、教育思想与培养目标、教育内容与课程设置、实施途径与教育方法等方面的异同,探究大学思想政治教育的普遍性与特殊性规律,从思想政治教育的本质特征、内在规律以及政治文化等多元化的视角对两者的异同进行深层次的原因探究,有助于辨证地借鉴美国经验,为提高我国大学思想政治教育的有效性提供理性依据。通过对中美大学思想政治教育的发展历程进行的阶段性划分,厘清了中美大学思想政治教育在历史发展路径、演进规律等方面的整体状况,认为两国大学思想政治教育在实现政治功能与教育功能、遵循思想政治教育规律等方面呈现出相似性等特点,同时由于两国不同的历史文化、社会制度等原因,使两国大学思想政治教育的发展呈现出价值传统差异性等特征。通过对中美大学思想政治教育的教育思想与培养目标的异同分析,指出教育思想与培养目标的内在联系,并从人的政治社会化等方面分析了两国培养目标具有政治性与全面性的内在原因,以及从意识形态的根本差异等方面揭示了两国培养目标价值取向的本质差别。通过对中美大学思想政治教育的教育内容与课程设置的比较研究,认为由于人的全面发展的客观要求决定了两国教育内容与课程设置在构成要素与结构等方面具有相似性特征,同时由于两国在国家制度、教育体制等方面的不同导致两国教育内容与课程设置呈现出根本差异性特征通过客观分析与比较中美大学思想政治教育在实施途径与教育方法等方面的异同,深刻揭示出人的思想品德形成规律与教育手段自身构成的方法系统的优势决定了两国在实施途径与教育方法等方面呈现的多样性与科技性特征,并从历史文化、教育思想以及教育理念等方面总结出两国的差异性特征。本文在系统分析中美大学思想政治教育的异同规律及内在原因的基础上,客观总结出两国大学思想政治教育的成效与不足,在始终坚持中国社会主义政治制度和实现大学思想政治教育总体目标的前提下,辩证地分析、借鉴以及吸收美国大学思想政治教育的有益经验,并从以下方面提出最终为增强我国大学思想政治教育有效性的理性思考与启示,如坚持我国大学思想政治教育意识形态的主导作用、加强大学思想政治教育与专业教育相结合、发挥大学人文社会科学教育的思想政治教育功能、利用现代信息技术手段提高大学思想政治教育方法效果以及培养适应中国特色社会主义现代化建设的完美人格等。
[Abstract]:University Ideological and political education as an important part of the university education process, high-quality talent to cultivate all-round development of have both ability and political integrity plays a pivotal role. Its main task is to cultivate students' knowledge and ability in addition to outside professional in the field of political ideas, ideology, moral quality and psychological health of the ideological and political quality. Therefore, all countries in the world to get the advantage of talent resources unique in the international game in talent as the core competitiveness, attaches great importance to the ideological and political education of university students in political ideological and political education is the core of quality education, and actively explore the universal law of the ideological and political education of the University, in order to enhance students' national identity in the mainstream the ideology, improve students' comprehensive ability at the same time, to maximize the effectiveness of University Ideological and political education.
The United States as the world's major powers to cultivate innovative talents, the University Ideological and political education for the comprehensive quality of innovative talents, especially the ideological and political education plays a vital role. Through the systematic comparison and analysis of Chinese and American University Ideological and political education in the history of development, education and training objectives, set the content of education with the course, similarities and differences between the approaches and methods of education, explore the universality and particularity of University Ideological and political education, the essence of the ideological and political education, the similarities and differences between the internal rules and political culture from the perspective of diversification on both to explore the deep-seated reasons, help dialectically draw lessons from American experience, as provide a rational basis for improving the effectiveness of Ideological and political education in Universities in China.
Through the course of development of Ideological and political education in the United States with the stage division, to clarify the University Ideological and political education in the path of historical development, the overall situation of evolution of law, that the two countries University Ideological and political education in the implementation of the political function and educational function, follow the law of the ideological and political education and other aspects of similar characteristics. At the same time because of the different history and culture, social system and other reasons, the development of Ideological and political education between University shows the characteristics of traditional values.
Based on the ideological and political education of Sino US university education thought and the similarities and differences between the training objectives of analysis, pointed out that the internal relation education and training objectives, and from the political and social aspects of the analysis of the underlying causes of bilateral training target is political and comprehensive, and the fundamental differences in ideology and culture reveals the essence of the two countries the difference between target value orientation.
Through the comparative study of education contents and course of Ideological and political education in the United States set, because of the objective requirements of the comprehensive development of the decision has similar characteristics in the elements and structure of two sets of education contents and course, at the same time as the two countries in the national system, education system is different due to their educational content with the curriculum showing characteristics of fundamental differences
Through objective analysis and comparison of similarities and differences between Chinese and American Ideological and political education of University in the implementation of ways and methods of education, profoundly reveals the method system of people's ideological and moral formation rules and means of education constitutes the advantages of the two countries in the implementation of decision approaches and education methods and other aspects of diversity and characteristics of science and technology, and from history culture, education and education, summed up the differences between the two countries.
Based on the similarities and differences between the law system of Ideological and political education in the United States and the internal causes of the objective, summed up the ideological and political education of the college and the lack of effectiveness, in the premise of Chinese always adhere to the socialist political system and to achieve the overall goal of university ideological and political education, dialectical analysis, reference and absorb the useful experience of Ideological and political education in the United States the University, and eventually put forward from the following aspects to enhance the rational thinking and Enlightenment of the effectiveness of China's University Ideological and political education, such as adhering to the leading role of our university ideological and political education of ideology, strengthen the University Ideological and political education and professional education, College of Humanities and social science education play the function of Ideological and political education, the use of modern information technical measures to improve the effect of Ideological and political education of University and training to adapt to the socialist China now The perfect personality of the generation of construction.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G641

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