个性特征、高校创业环境和高校大学生创业意向关系的研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 13:55

本文选题：个性特征 + 高校创业环境　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,大学毕业生就业问题成为中国社会问题中排序在前几位的重要问题,如何解决大学生就业成为社会关注的焦点之一。据统计,2010年我国需就业的人数达2000万,而即使以我国每年经济增长10%算,经济每增长1%带来80—100万个就业岗位,每年还有近1000万人失业。整体劳动力市场的供大于求,再加上大学生缺少工作经验以及大学生的认知偏差,大学生的就业情况更不容乐观。在解决大学生就业难的方法里,鼓励大学生创业无疑是一条行之有效的方法。但是如何鼓励大学生创业,各个高校则采取了不同的政策,有的高校会把资源投放在创业课程上,而有些高校则把资源投放在创业实践上,也有的学校是对所有学生提供统一的政策,而有的高校则是有针对性的对部分学生提供帮助。如何能够更高效的鼓励大学生创业,是一个比较难解决的问题。而要想解决这个问题,则首先需要去解决到底哪些因素会影响大学生创业意向,而这正是本文研究的主要问题。本文首先通过阅读大量文献,对创业、创业者、个性特征、高校创业环境和创业意向进行了概念界定,同时对目前影响大学生创业意向的文献进行了分析和总结；其次根据前人的文献研究,提出了本文研究的模型,并提出了10个相应的假设；再次为了能够验证假设,设计出相应的问卷,问卷总共包括4个部分,分别用来衡量个人背景、心理特征、高校创业环境和创业意向。本文在济南三所高校共搜集了212份有效问卷,并运用描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析和回归分析的方法对212份有效问卷进行了分析处理,对济南三所高校目前的创业环境进行了横向的比较,同时验证了本文提出10个假设,得出大学生的性别、专业、是否来自创业者家庭、个人成就动机、风险倾向、创业教育和创业实践对其创业意向有显著影响,而学历、内控倾向和创业竞赛则不会对创业意向有显著的影响；最后根据前面分析处理得出的结果,对目前高校该如何开展创业教育、如何鼓励大学生创业提出一些自己的建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the employment of college graduates has become one of the most important social problems in China. How to solve the employment of college students has become one of the focus of the society. According to statistics, the number of people in need of employment in our country reached 20 million in 2010, and even if the economic growth of our country is calculated by 10% per year, every 1% economic growth will bring 80-1 million jobs, and nearly 10 million people will lose their jobs every year. The overall labor market oversupply, coupled with the lack of work experience and college students' cognitive bias, the employment situation of college students is not optimistic. In solving the problem of employment, encouraging college students to start a business is undoubtedly an effective method. However, how to encourage college students to start a business, each university has adopted different policies, some colleges and universities will put resources into entrepreneurship courses, while some colleges and universities will put resources into entrepreneurial practice. Some schools provide a unified policy for all students, while some colleges and universities provide targeted assistance to some students. How to encourage college students to start a business more efficiently is a more difficult problem to solve. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to solve what factors will affect the entrepreneurial intention of college students, which is the main problem of this paper. This paper firstly defines the concept of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs, personality characteristics, entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention by reading a large number of documents, and analyzes and summarizes the literature that affects the entrepreneurial intention of college students. Secondly, according to the previous literature research, the paper puts forward the model of this paper, and puts forward 10 corresponding hypotheses. Thirdly, in order to verify the hypothesis, the corresponding questionnaire is designed. The questionnaire includes four parts, which are used to measure the personal background. Psychological characteristics, entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention in colleges and universities. In this paper, 212 valid questionnaires were collected in three colleges and universities in Jinan, and 212 valid questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis, single factor variance analysis and regression analysis. This paper makes a horizontal comparison of the current entrepreneurial environment of the three universities in Jinan, and verifies the 10 hypotheses put forward in this paper. The conclusions are as follows: gender, specialty, whether or not the college students come from the family of entrepreneurs, personal achievement motivation, risk propensity, etc. Entrepreneurship education and practice have a significant impact on their entrepreneurial intentions, while academic qualifications, internal control tendencies and entrepreneurial competitions have no significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. Finally, according to the results of the previous analysis, This paper puts forward some suggestions on how to carry out entrepreneurship education and how to encourage college students to start a business.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G647.38;F279.2;F224

【参考文献】