我国产业结构升级对大学生就业的影响分析

发布时间：2018-07-10 05:50

本文选题：产业结构 + 升级　；参考：《东北财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文所研究的是我国产业结构升级对大学生就业的影响,是产业经济学研究的一个重要分支,亦是关于大学生就业研究的新内容。大学生就业一直以来都是我国面临的就业难题之一,在当前复杂的经济环境下更变得日益严峻,为此我国不断实施各种措施来缓解这一就业压力。我国通过调整产业结构来优化经济结构的措施,不仅可以促进经济发展,而且对改善就业结构、促进就业也有直接深远的影响,特别是对大学生的就业。本文从产业结构升级的角度来分析大学生就业难问题,并分别用理论和实证的方法论证产业结构与就业结构的关联性,目的是寻找出有效的途径来改善我国产业结构,并据此为促进大学生就业提供可行的政策建议。本文首先就国内外学者对产业结构与就业结构的相关研究进行回顾,并重点梳理了有关产业结构与大学生就业关联性的研究成果,从而清晰的把握二者的关系脉络,使得本文的研究有的放矢。接着,为探究我国产业结构升级对大学生就业的影响,本文对我国产业结构的整体发展情况和大学生就业的现状进行分析,并针对高校毕业生的就业情况设计了调查问卷,试图初步探索出二者间的关系,直观的了解目前我国大学生就业基本情况。其次,运用1992年到2010年间全国统计数据做出结构偏离度和就业弹性分析,从实证的角度证明产业结构与就业结构之间存在关联性,从而推断出：第一产业已经不具备吸收就业的能力,第二、第三产业仍具有吸收就业的能力,但较之第二产业,第三产业的发展更能够带动大学生就业,同时发现产业结构与就业结构之间存在一定程度的偏差,第二、三产业的就业结构明显滞后于产业结构；为进一步深化结论,本文以第三产业为例进行行业差的分析,利用第三产业各行业的就业弹性以及大学生在各行业的就业情况等资料,分析第三产业内部结构发展对大学生就业的影响以及产生这种影响的原因,从而得出结论：发展第三产业新兴行业是解决大学生就业问题的关键。最后,基于以上分析和我国的具体国情,借鉴发达国家在协调产业结构和就业结构上的经验教训,提出以产业结构升级途径来缩小产业结构与就业结构之间的偏差,以此促进大学生就业的相关政策建议,以期能为今后的研究提供有价值的参考。论文的第一章介绍了本文的选题背景、研究目的、研究方法及研究内容,并对相关概念进行了明确界定；第二章就国内外学者在产业结构和就业结构以及大学生就业等相关方面的研究成果进行回顾和梳理；第三章在分析我国产业结构升级和大学生就业现状的基础上,运用结构偏离度和就业弹性两个指标对产业结构和大学生就业二者间的关联性进行论证,分析产业升级对大学生就业的影响；第四章以第三产业为例分析行业差对大学生就业的影响以及产生这种影响的原因,得出第三产业新兴行业的发展能有效促进大学生就业的结论；第五章是对发达国家协调产业结构与就业结构的相关经验借鉴,包括产业结构、就业结构发展以及发达国家协调产业结构与就业结构以及促进就业的举措等；基于以上分析,论文在第六章得出本文的结论并从产业结构优化升级的角度提出促进大学生就业的政策建议,包括促进产业结构升级来缩小产业结构与就业结构之间的偏差、重点发展第三产业新兴行业、加强大学生的专业技能以及放宽对部分行业的管制等。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the influence of the upgrading of industrial structure on the employment of college students . It is an important branch of the research of the industry economics . It is also a new content about the employment of college students . The employment of college students has been more and more severe in the present complicated economic environment . In this paper , the author analyzes the relationship between the industrial structure and the employment structure by adjusting the industrial structure . The aim is to find out an effective way to improve the industrial structure of our country , and to provide a feasible policy suggestion for the promotion of college students ' employment .

This paper firstly reviews the relevant research of industrial structure and employment structure at home and abroad , and points out the research results about the relationship between industrial structure and employment of college students , so as to clear the relationship between them . Then , to probe into the influence of the upgrading of industrial structure on college students ' employment , this paper analyzes the overall development of industrial structure and the present situation of college students ' employment .

Secondly , using the national statistical data from 1992 to 2010 to make structural deviation and employment elasticity analysis , it is concluded that the relationship between the industrial structure and the employment structure has been proved from the empirical point of view , and it is concluded that the first industry has no ability to absorb employment , but the tertiary industry still has the ability to absorb employment .
In order to further deepen the conclusion , this paper takes the third industry as an example to analyze the industry difference , uses the employment elasticity of each industry in the third industry and the employment situation of college students in various industries , analyzes the influence of the inner structure development of the tertiary industry on the employment of college students and the causes of this effect , and concludes that the development of the third industry emerging industry is the key to solve the problem of college students ' employment .

Finally , based on the above analysis and the country ' s specific national conditions , we draw on the experiences and lessons of developed countries in coordinating the industrial structure and employment structure , and put forward the policy suggestion to reduce the deviation between the industrial structure and the employment structure by upgrading the industrial structure , so as to provide valuable reference for the future research .

The first chapter introduces the background , the research aim , the research method and the research content of this paper , and defines the relevant concepts clearly ;
The second chapter reviews and combs the research results of domestic and foreign scholars in the fields of industrial structure and employment structure and college students ' employment .
Chapter three analyzes the relationship between the industrial structure and the employment of college students on the basis of analyzing the upgrading of industrial structure and the present situation of college students ' employment , and analyzes the influence of industrial upgrading on the employment of college students .
The fourth chapter analyzes the influence of industry difference on the employment of college students and causes of the influence , and concludes that the development of the third industry can effectively promote the employment of college students .
The fifth chapter is to draw lessons from the developed countries ' relevant experiences in coordinating industrial structure and employment structure , including the industrial structure , the development of employment structure and the coordinated industrial structure and employment structure of developed countries , as well as the measures to promote employment ;
Based on the above analysis , the thesis draws the conclusion from the sixth chapter and puts forward the policy suggestion to promote the employment of college students from the angle of optimizing the industrial structure , including the promotion of industrial structure upgrading to reduce the deviation between the industrial structure and the employment structure , focus on the development of the third industry emerging industry , strengthen the college students ' professional skills and relax the regulation of some industries .
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F121.3;G647.38

【参考文献】