我国国家助学贷款的风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 13:58

【摘要】：高等教育规模扩大，成功从精英教育过渡到大众化教育，国家财政对高等教育的投资难以满足其日益增长的需要，为解决高校正常运转所需经费问题，我国进行了高等教育收费制度改革，实行全面收费制度。该制度虽缓解了财政压力，但在运行中导致新的问题出现，一些贫困学生无法承担高额费用，没有能力迈入大学校门，无法实现教育公平。为解决这一问题，我国推行了国家助学贷款制度。这项制度由于其性质中的“公益性”与商业银行的“盈利性”相矛盾，自实行以来，虽然取得了一定的成果，但其效果却不能令人满意，尤其进入偿还期以后，出现信用风险、贷款违约现象严重，商业银行面临贷款本息无法收回的问题。我国实行风险补偿金制度以来，虽能由财政和高校共同出资补偿银行一部分损失，但并不能从根本上解决问题，如何通过政府、银行、高校三者协同合作，建立完善的学生贷款管理体系，如何能做到按时按金额偿还贷款，减少助学贷款的风险成为现阶段急需解决的现实问题，除了需要从强制管理角度考虑，更主要的是创造条件使所有借贷者能够有能力偿还贷款，，完善还款机制，该课题的研究期待能为助学贷款政策可持续发展提供有效的建议和参考，提高助学贷款政策的效率，最终使助学贷款政策进入良性循环，因此国家助学贷款的风险管理研究具有重大的现实意义。本文从以下四个方面对我国国家助学贷款违约及其管理加以论述：第一部分我国国家助学贷款发放和偿还的理论基础。第二部分我国国家助学贷款面临的主要风险就是违约风险，违约率居高不下的原因是什么。第三部分具有世界上最完善的助学贷款体系的美国，是如何运作这项制度的，通过何种措施既扩大规模，又有效控制了风险。第四部分，从政府、银行、高校、学生个体四方面考虑，该如何对我国助学贷款的违约风险进行治理，保证国家助学贷款制度可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of higher education scale, the successful transition from elite education to popular education, the state finance investment in higher education is difficult to meet its growing needs. In order to solve the problem of funding required for the normal operation of colleges and universities, Our country has carried on the higher education charge system reform, implements the comprehensive charge system. Although this system alleviates the financial pressure, it leads to new problems in operation. Some poor students can not afford the high cost, have no ability to enter the university, and can not realize the equity of education. In order to solve this problem, our country has implemented the national student loan system. This system because of its nature of "public welfare" and commercial banks "profitability" contradiction, since its implementation, although has achieved certain results, but its effect is not satisfactory, especially after entering the repayment period, there is credit risk. The phenomenon of loan default is serious, commercial banks are faced with the problem of loan principal and interest can not be recovered. Since the implementation of the risk compensation system in our country, although some losses of banks can be compensated jointly by finance and universities, it can not solve the problem fundamentally. How to cooperate among governments, banks and colleges and universities? How to set up a perfect student loan management system, how to repay the loan on time and reduce the risk of student loan has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently at the present stage. Besides, it needs to be considered from the angle of compulsory management. What is more important is to create conditions for all borrowers to be able to repay loans and improve repayment mechanisms. The research on this topic is expected to provide effective suggestions and references for the sustainable development of student loan policies and improve the efficiency of student loan policies. Finally, the policy of student loan enters a virtuous circle, so the research on risk management of national student loan has great practical significance. This paper discusses the default of national student loan and its management from the following four aspects: the first part is the theoretical basis of the granting and repayment of national student loan. In the second part, the main risk of national student loan is default risk, what is the reason of high default rate. In the third part, the United States, which has the most perfect system of student loan in the world, how to operate the system, and what measures are adopted to expand the scale and effectively control the risk. The fourth part, from the government, the bank, the university, the student individual four aspects consideration, how should carry on the governance to our country student loan default risk, guarantees the national student loan system sustainable development.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4;G649.2

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