从依法治校的角度探索校园危机的防控

发布时间：2018-08-12 18:03

【摘要】：近年来，随着社会的巨大变革，高校也面临着日益复杂的社会环境，社会变迁和教育改革交织在一起使高校的不稳定因素明显增强。目前，高校的社会化逐步走向深入，高校已然成为一个小型的社会缩影，民办高校、扩大招生、环境开放、心理压力、网络传播等一系列因素渐渐成为影响高校稳定的新型因子，使高校校园危机呈现频繁化、多样化、复杂化和新型化的特点。例如，近几年发生的药家鑫事件、上海商学院女生宿舍火灾事件、复旦大学投毒事件、河南工业大学食物中毒事件等等。校园危机的频繁发生，已经引起了人们的普遍关注，它不仅对高校正常的教学、科研和生活秩序构成了威胁，还对高校的形象和声誉造成了严重的损害，直接影响高校的稳定和改革，有的甚至还给高校的健康发展和学生的成长成才造成无法挽救的损失。由此，校园危机管理已成为高校急需解决的重大问题，面对随时可能发生的危机，我们不仅要重视对高校的日常管理，更要重视对危机的提前预防和有效控制。校园危机防控是指国家、各级政府、教育行政部门和高校在危机发生前采取各种有效措施来消除危机的隐患，或者在危机来临前做好思想、组织、制度、物资等各种充分准备，以防止危机扩大，最大限度地减少危机造成损失的一套行之有效的管理办法和制度安排。校园危机防控依据的法律基础主要有：主张公民基本人权即生命权与财产权所依据的宪法，履行行政行为（校园危机防控是国家行政应急体系的组成部分、国家突发事件预防的子项，属行政行为）所依据的行政法以及履行高校的安全保障义务所依据的民法等。本文以校园危机的防控为研究对象，分别采用文献研究和问卷调查研究等研究方法，对校园危机的现状进行了分析，找出危机防控工作中存在的问题及不足，从依法治校的角度探讨校园危机防控的策略。首先，通过查阅文献资料，从归纳校园危机的内涵、类型以及与依法治校的关系入手，阐述了研究校园危机防控的意义。借鉴国外及港台地区校园危机防控的经验，总结对我国校园危机防控的启示。其次，通过问卷调查分析目前校园危机的现状，指出了存在的问题和不足，并从意识、制度、情绪、沟通、外因等五个方面对校园危机的成因进行了详细分析，为提出有效预防校园危机的措施奠定了坚实的基础。最后，提出校园危机防控的措施，要建立健全完善学校规章制度，，要加强对学生的法制教育，要形成校园危机防控组织和预警系统，要建立畅通多维的沟通渠道。通过这些措施，将校园危机消灭在萌芽之中。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the great changes of society, colleges and universities are also faced with increasingly complex social environment, social changes and educational reform intertwined together to strengthen the unstable factors of colleges and universities. At present, the socialization of colleges and universities is gradually deepening, and colleges and universities have become a small social microcosm. Private colleges and universities are expanding enrollment, opening up the environment, and psychological pressure. A series of factors, such as network communication, have gradually become the new factors that affect the stability of colleges and universities, which make the crisis of university campus more frequent, diversified, complicated and new. For example, the incident of Yao Jiaxin in recent years, the fire of female dormitory of Shanghai Business School, the poisoning of Fudan University, the food poisoning of Henan University of Technology and so on. The frequent occurrence of campus crisis has aroused widespread concern. It not only poses a threat to the normal teaching, scientific research and living order of colleges and universities, but also causes serious damage to the image and reputation of colleges and universities. It directly affects the stability and reform of colleges and universities, and some even bring irreparable losses to the healthy development of colleges and universities and the growth of students. As a result, campus crisis management has become a major problem that colleges and universities urgently need to solve. In the face of the crisis that may occur at any time, we should not only attach importance to the daily management of colleges and universities, but also to the prevention and effective control of crises in advance. Campus crisis prevention and control means that the state, governments at all levels, educational administrative departments and colleges and universities take all kinds of effective measures to eliminate the hidden dangers of the crisis before the crisis, or make a good preparation of ideas, organizations, systems, materials, etc., before the crisis comes. A set of effective management methods and institutional arrangements to prevent the crisis from spreading and minimize the damage caused by the crisis. The legal basis for the prevention and control of the campus crisis mainly includes: the constitution which advocates the basic human rights of citizens, namely, the right to life and the right to property, and the implementation of administrative acts (the campus crisis prevention and control is an integral part of the national administrative emergency system. The administrative law based on the state emergency prevention belongs to the administrative act and the civil law to fulfill the duty of safety and security of colleges and universities. Taking the prevention and control of campus crisis as the research object, this paper analyzes the current situation of the campus crisis by using the methods of literature research and questionnaire investigation, and finds out the problems and shortcomings in the crisis prevention and control work. This paper probes into the strategy of preventing and controlling the campus crisis from the angle of administering the school according to law. First of all, the significance of studying the campus crisis prevention and control is expounded by consulting the literature and summarizing the connotation, types and the relationship between the campus crisis and the administration of school by law. Based on the experience of overseas and Hong Kong and Taiwan campus crisis prevention and control, this paper summarizes the enlightenment of campus crisis prevention and control in our country. Secondly, through the questionnaire survey to analyze the current situation of the campus crisis, pointed out the existing problems and deficiencies, and from the consciousness, system, emotion, communication, external causes of the campus crisis of five aspects of a detailed analysis of the causes of the campus crisis, For the effective prevention of campus crisis measures laid a solid foundation. Finally, the measures of preventing and controlling the campus crisis should be put forward, the rules and regulations of the school should be established and perfected, the legal education of the students should be strengthened, the organization and early warning system of the crisis prevention and control in the campus should be formed, and the channel of communication should be established. Through these measures, the campus crisis will be nipped in the bud.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G647

【参考文献】